The war of the worlds — Page 82

Vocabulary

เพราะ

phro — because; used to indicate a reason or cause

มัน

man — it; third-person pronoun for things or animals

ได้

dai — can; to be able to; indicates past or possibility

เกิด

koet — to be born; to occur or happen

ขึ้น

khuen — up; to rise; directional particle indicating upward movement

เช่น

chen — for example; such as; used to introduce examples

นั้น

nan — that; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

อย่าง

yang — way; manner; type; used to describe how something is

ที่

thi — at; place; relative pronoun linking clauses

แท้จริง

thae ching — truly; in reality; genuinely or actually the case

แล้ว

laeo — already; then; indicates completed action or sequence

ฉัน

chan — I; me; first-person pronoun used by females or informally

และ

lae — and; conjunction connecting words or clauses together

ผู้คน

phu khon — people; persons; referring to people in general

อีก

ik — more; again; another; indicating addition or repetition

มากมาย

mak mai — a great deal; plenty; very many or numerous

อาจจะ

at cha — might; may; expresses possibility or uncertainty

คาดการณ์

khat kan — to predict; to forecast or anticipate future events

ล่วงหน้า

luang na — in advance; beforehand; ahead of time

หาก

hak — if; in the event that; conditional conjunction

ความ

khwam — nominalizer prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns

หวาดกลัว

wat klua — to fear; to be frightened or terrified of something

หายนะ

ha ya na — disaster; catastrophe; a great destructive calamity

มิได้

mi dai — did not; formal negation of a past action

บดบัง

bot bang — to obscure; to block or overshadow something

จิตใจ

chit chai — mind; heart; one's inner thoughts and feelings

ของ

khong — of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

เรา

rao — we; us; first-person plural or informal singular pronoun

เชื้อโรค

chuea rok — germ; pathogen; microorganism causing disease or illness

เหล่า

lao — these; those; plural marker for groups of beings

นี้

ni — this; demonstrative pronoun for something nearby

คร่า

khra — to claim; to take away, especially lives

ชีวิต

chi wit — life; one's living existence as a living being

มนุษยชาติ

ma nut ya chat — humanity; humankind; the entire human species collectively

มา

ma — to come; directional particle indicating motion toward speaker

ตั้งแต่

tang tae — since; from a particular point in time onward

จุด

chut — point; spot; dot; a specific location or moment

เริ่มต้น

roem ton — to begin; to start; the starting point of something

สิ่ง

sing — thing; object; an entity or matter of any kind

บรรพบุรุษ

ban pha bu rut — ancestors; forefathers; predecessors of earlier generations

ก่อน

kon — before; prior to; earlier in time or order

มนุษย์

ma nut — human being; person; a member of the human species

มีชีวิต

mi chi wit — to be alive; living; having life and existence

เริ่ม

roem — to start; to begin an action or process

ก่อ

ko — to cause; to bring about; to create or produce

กำเนิด

kam noet — origin; birth; the beginning or creation of something

บน

bon — on; above; on top of a surface or place

โลก

lok — world; earth; the planet or world at large

แต่

tae — but; however; conjunction indicating contrast or exception

ด้วย

duai — also; with; by means of; too; as well

กระบวนการ

kra buan kan — process; procedure; a series of systematic steps

คัดเลือก

khat lueak — to select; to choose; natural selection or screening

ตาม

tam — according to; following; in accordance with something

ธรรมชาติ

tham ma chat — nature; the natural world and its phenomena

เผ่าพันธุ์

phao phan — race; species; a group sharing common ancestry or traits

พัฒนา

phat tha na — to develop; to improve or evolve over time

พลัง

phlang — power; energy; force or strength of any kind

ต้านทาน

tan than — to resist; to withstand; resistance against force or disease

ไม่

mai — not; negation particle used before verbs or adjectives

ยอม

yom — to yield; to accept; to give in or consent

จำนน

cham non — to surrender; to give up; to submit to defeat

ต่อ

to — against; toward; per; continuing or facing something

ใด

dai — any; which; whichever; an indefinite interrogative pronoun

โดย

doi — by; by means of; through a particular method or agent

ปราศจาก

prat chak — without; free from; lacking or devoid of something

การ

kan — nominalizer for actions; the act of doing something

ต่อสู้

to su — to fight; to struggle; to combat an opponent or obstacle

หลาย

lai — many; several; more than a few in number

ชนิด

cha nit — type; kind; sort or variety of something

เชื้อ

chuea — germ; pathogen; microorganism; also a starter culture

ให้

hai — to give; to allow; causative marker in Thai grammar

เน่าเปื่อย

nao puai — to rot; to decay; to decompose or putrefy

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a space or boundary

สสาร

sa san — matter; substance; physical material that occupies space

ตาย

tai — to die; dead; the cessation of life

ร่างกาย

rang kai — body; the physical form of a living organism

จะ

cha — will; future tense marker indicating upcoming action

มี

mi — to have; there is/are; to possess something

ภูมิคุ้มกัน

phum khum kan — immunity; the body's defense system against disease

สมบูรณ์

som bun — complete; perfect; full; in perfect condition or health

ดาวอังคาร

dao ang khan — Mars; the fourth planet from the sun

ไม่มี

mai mi — there is no; to not have; absence of something

แบคทีเรีย

baek thi ria — bacteria; microscopic single-celled organisms

ทันที

than thi — immediately; right away; without any delay

ผู้รุกราน

phu ruk ran — invader; aggressor; one who attacks or intrudes forcefully

ถึง

thueng — to reach; until; up to; arriving at a place

พวก

phuak — group; they; a collective group of people or things

ดื่ม

duem — to drink; to consume a liquid beverage

กิน

kin — to eat; to consume food; informal eating verb

พันธมิตร

phan tha mit — ally; alliance; partner united for a common purpose

จุลทรรศน์

chun la that — microscope; instrument for viewing microscopic objects

ก็

ko — also; then; particle indicating continuation or emphasis

ทำงาน

tham ngan — to work; to function; to perform a task or job

เพื่อ

phuea — in order to; for the purpose of achieving something

โค่นล้ม

khon lom — to overthrow; to topple; to bring something crashing down

ขณะ

kha na — while; during; at the moment when something occurs

จับตา

chap ta — to watch closely; to keep an eye on something

ดู

du — to look; to watch; to observe visually

อยู่

yu — to be at; to stay; to reside at a location

ถูก

thuk — passive marker; to be subjected to an action done by another

กำหนด

kam not — to determine; to set; to define or schedule something

ชะตากรรม

cha ta kam — fate; destiny; one's predetermined fortune or outcome

หลีก

lik — to avoid; to evade; to step aside from something

เลี่ยง

liang — to avoid; to dodge; to steer clear of something

ไม่ได้

mai dai — cannot; was not able to; negates ability or past action

กำลัง

kam lang — strength; power; present continuous tense marker

แม้

mae — even; even though; despite a certain condition

ยัง

yang — still; yet; still continuing or not yet completed

คง

khong — probably; likely; still; presumably remains the same

เคลื่อน

khluean — to move; to shift position; motion of something

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle indicating movement away

เป็น

pen — to be; to become; copula linking subject and predicate

สูญเสีย

sun sia — to lose; to suffer loss; to forfeit something valuable

นับ

nap — to count; to number; approximately used with large numbers

พัน

phan — thousand; the number one thousand

ล้าน

lan — million; the number one million

ซื้อ

sue — to buy; to purchase something with money

สิทธิ

sit thi — right; entitlement; a legal or moral claim to something

ตน

ton — oneself; self; reflexive pronoun referring to oneself

ผืน

phuen — classifier for flat expanses like land or fabric

เขา

khao — he; she; they; third-person pronoun for people

ต่อต้าน

to tan — to oppose; to resist; to act against something

ผู้

phu — person who; one who; nominalizer for human agents

ท้าชิง

tha ching — to challenge; to compete against; to dare to rival

ทุก

thuk — every; all; each and every one without exception

คน

khon — person; people; the classifier for human beings

แม้ว่า

mae wa — even though; although; despite the fact that

ชาว

chao — people of; inhabitants of; a native or citizen of

อังคาร

ang khan — Mars; Tuesday; referring to the planet or the day

เข้มแข็ง

khem khaeng — strong; robust; physically or mentally tough and resilient

กว่า

kwa — more than; over; comparative particle in Thai

สิบ

sip — ten; the number ten

เท่า

thao — times; as much as; equal in amount or degree

ไม่ว่า

mai wa — no matter; regardless of; whether or not something occurs

หรือ

rue — or; either; used to present alternatives or ask questions

สูญ

sun — to lose; to vanish; to be lost or destroyed

เปล่า

plao — empty; in vain; for nothing; without purpose

ที่นั่น

thi nan — there; at that place; referring to a distant location

ที่นี่

thi ni — here; at this place; referring to the current location

กระจัดกระจาย

kra chat kra chai — scattered; dispersed; spread out in all directions

รวม

ruam — to combine; together; to gather or total something

กัน

kan — together; with each other; reciprocal action particle

เกือบ

kuap — almost; nearly; close to but not quite reaching

ห้าสิบ

ha sip — fifty; the number fifty

ตัว

tua — body; classifier for animals, letters, and certain objects

หลุม

lum — pit; hole; a hollow or cavity in the ground

ใหญ่

yai — big; large; great in size or importance

ขุด

khut — to dig; to excavate; to burrow into the ground

ความตาย

khwam tai — death; the state of being dead; cessation of life

ทัน

than — in time; to catch up; to keep pace with something

ซึ่ง

sueng — which; that; a relative pronoun connecting clauses

ต้อง

tong — must; have to; to be required or obligated to do

เหมือน

muean — similar; like; resembling or the same as something else

กับ

kap — with; together with; in relation to another

ว่า

wa — that; to say; complementizer introducing reported speech

อาจ

at — may; might; expresses possibility in a formal tone

เข้าใจ

khao chai — to understand; to comprehend; to grasp a concept clearly

สำหรับ

sam rap — for; intended for; in preparation for a person or purpose

เอง

eng — oneself; by oneself; on one's own without help

รู้

ru — to know; to be aware of; to have knowledge of

เพียง

phiang — only; merely; just; no more than a certain amount

เดียว

diao — single; alone; only one; solitary

คือ

khue — is; means; defines or identifies what something is

เคย

khoei — ever; used to; indicates past experience or habit

น่า

na — worthy of; induces feeling; prefix for emotion adjectives

สะพรึงกลัว

sa phrueng klua — terrifying; frightening; causing dread or intense fear

ยิ่ง

ying — even more; increasingly; to a greater degree or extent