The Wind in the Willows — Page 117

Vocabulary

แล้ว

láew — Already; then; indicates completed action or sequence.

บริวาร

baw-ri-waan — Retinue, followers, or attendants of someone important.

โหดเหี้ยม

hòht-hîam — Cruel, brutal, and utterly without mercy.

แห่ง

hàeng — Of, at; classifier for places or locations.

กฎหมาย

gòt-mǎai — Law; the legal system or legal rules.

ก็

gâw — Also, then; connective particle linking clauses.

เข้า

khâo — To enter; move inward or into something.

ถล่ม

tà-lòm — To collapse, attack overwhelmingly, or bombard.

คางคก

khaang-khók — Toad; a warty amphibian; also slang for ugly.

ผู้

phûu — Person, one who; prefix indicating a person or agent.

โชคร้าย

chôhk-ráai — Unlucky, unfortunate; experiencing bad luck.

ใส่

sài — To put in, wear, or direct something at someone.

โซ่ตรวน

sôh-truan — Shackles, chains used to restrain a prisoner.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, they; third-person pronoun.

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses.

ลาก

lâak — To drag, pull, or haul something along.

ออก

àwk — Out, to exit; move outward or away.

จาก

jàak — From; indicates origin or departure point.

ศาล

sǎan — Court of law; a judicial institution or tribunal.

ท่ามกลาง

thâam-glaang — In the midst of; surrounded by something.

เสียง

sǐang — Sound, voice, or noise of any kind.

กรีดร้อง

grìit-ráwng — To scream or shriek loudly in distress.

วิงวอน

wing-wawn — To plead, implore, or beg earnestly.

ประท้วง

prà-thúang — To protest or demonstrate against something.

ข้าม

khâam — To cross over; go across a space or boundary.

ลาน

laan — Open courtyard, plaza, or public square.

ตลาด

tà-làat — Market; a place where goods are bought and sold.

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which, that; relative pronoun linking clauses.

ประชาชน

prà-chaa-chon — People, citizens; the general public of a place.

ที่

thîi — At, that, which; place marker or relative particle.

ขี้เล่น

khîi-lên — Playful, fond of joking; not taking things seriously.

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

มัก

mák — Usually, tend to; indicates habitual action.

เข้มงวด

khêm-ngûat — Strict, stern, rigorous in enforcing rules.

กับ

gàp — With, and; preposition connecting nouns or clauses.

อาชญากรรม

aat-chá-yaa-gam — Crime; an illegal act punishable by law.

ถูก

thùuk — To be subjected to; passive marker or correct.

จับได้

jàp-dâai — To catch, apprehend; succeed in capturing someone.

เสมอ

sà-mǒe — Always, consistently; equal or level at all times.

ไม่แพ้

mâi-pháe — No less than; not inferior to something else.

เห็นอกเห็นใจ

hěn-òk-hěn-jai — To empathize, show compassion and understanding for others.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker meaning to let or make.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix creating abstract nouns from adjectives.

ช่วยเหลือ

chûai-lǔea — To help, assist, or lend support to someone.

เมื่อ

mûea — When; indicates a time or moment something occurred.

ใคร

khrai — Who, anyone, someone; interrogative or indefinite pronoun.

คนหนึ่ง

khon-nùeng — One person; a certain someone, an individual.

เพียงแค่

phiang-khâe — Only, merely, just; limiting to a small amount.

ต้องการ

tâwng-gaan — To want, need, or require something.

ตัว

tua — Body, self; classifier for animals and some objects.

ได้

dâai — Can, could; indicates ability or past action completed.

รุม

rum — To mob, gang up on, or attack all together.

ด่าทอ

dàa-thaw — To verbally abuse, insult, or berate someone repeatedly.

ด้วย

dûai — With, also, too; indicates accompaniment or addition.

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of speech or written language.

เยาะเย้ย

yáw-yóei — To mock, taunt, or ridicule someone scornfully.

คำพูด

kham-phûut — Speech, words spoken; verbal expression or utterance.

ฮิต

hít — Hit; popular, trending, or widely liked by many.

ติดปาก

tìt-pàak — Catchy phrase that sticks in the mouth; popular saying.

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through or by; go past something.

เด็ก

dèk — Child, kid; a young person or minor.

นักเรียน

nák-rian — Student; a person enrolled in school to study.

โห่ร้อง

hòh-ráwng — To jeer, boo, or shout in a crowd.

ใบหน้า

bai-nâa — Face; the front part of a person's head.

บริสุทธิ์

baw-ri-sùt — Pure, innocent, untainted by wrongdoing or guilt.

ของ

khǎwng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle.

พวกเขา

phûak-khǎo — They, them; third-person plural pronoun for people.

เปล่ง

plèng — To emit, radiate, or give off light or sound.

ประกาย

prà-gaai — Spark, glimmer, or sparkle of light.

ความสุข

khwaam-sùk — Happiness, joy; a state of well-being and contentment.

เห็น

hěn — To see or notice something visually.

สุภาพบุรุษ

sù-phâap-bù-rùt — Gentleman; a polite, well-mannered, and honorable man.

ตก

tòk — To fall down; drop from a higher position.

อับ

àp — Stuffy, humiliated; feeling shame or embarrassment.

สะพานชัก

sà-phaan-chák — Drawbridge; a bridge that can be raised or lowered.

ดัง

dang — Loud; producing a strong or resonant sound.

ก้อง

gâwng — Resonant, booming, reverberating sound filling a space.

กังวาน

gang-waan — Resonant and clear; describes a full ringing sound.

ใต้

tâi — Under, below, beneath; indicates a lower position.

ประตู

prà-tuu — Door, gate; an entrance or exit opening.

ระแนง

rá-naeng — Grating, bars, or lattice of a gate or window.

แหลมคม

làem-khom — Sharp-pointed; having a keen or piercing edge.

ซุ้มประตู

súm-prà-tuu — Gateway arch; an arched entrance to a building or castle.

ขมึงทึง

khà-mueng-thueng — Gloomy, forbidding, dark, and intimidating in appearance.

ปราสาท

praa-sàat — Castle, palace, or grand stone fortified building.

เก่าแก่

gào-gàe — Ancient, very old; having existed for a long time.

น่าเกรงขาม

nâa-greng-khaam — Awe-inspiring, formidable; commanding fear and deep respect.

หอคอย

hǎw-khoi — Tower; a tall narrow building or structure.

โบราณ

boh-raan — Ancient, antique; belonging to a very old era.

ตระหง่าน

trà-ngàan — To stand tall and imposingly; loom grandly upward.

สูง

sǔung — Tall, high; having great vertical extent.

เสียดฟ้า

sìat-fáa — Skyscraping; piercing the sky, extremely tall structure.

ห้อง

hâwng — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

ทหาร

thá-hǎan — Soldier, military personnel; a member of the armed forces.

ยาม

yaam — Guard, watchman; one who keeps watch on duty.

เต็มไป

tem-pai — Full of, filled with; indicating abundance of something.

ยิ้มยิง

yím-ying — To grin broadly; smile widely showing the teeth.

กำลัง

gam-lang — Presently doing; progressive marker or strength/force.

พักผ่อน

phák-phàwn — To rest, relax, take a break from activity.

ไอ

ai — To cough; expel air from lungs forcefully.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; indicates location inside something.

ท่าทาง

thâa-thaang — Manner, posture, appearance, or bearing of a person.

น่าชัง

nâa-chang — Hateful, detestable; deserving of disgust or contempt.

เสียดสี

sìat-sǐi — Satirical; mocking indirectly through irony or sarcasm.

เพราะ

phráw — Because; indicates a reason or cause for something.

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pointing to something at a distance.

คือ

khue — Is, to be; identifies or defines something.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, matter; a general term for items.

สูงสุด

sǔung-sùt — Highest, supreme, utmost; at the greatest level.

หน้าที่

nâa-thîi — Duty, responsibility, function assigned to someone.

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

กล้า

glâa — Brave, daring; willing to face danger or difficulty.

แสดง

sà-daeng — To show, display, perform, or express something.

ดูถูก

duu-thùuk — To look down on, belittle, or disrespect someone.

รังเกียจ

rang-gìat — To dislike, be disgusted by, or object to something.

ต่อ

tàw — To, toward, against; indicates direction or continuation.

ขึ้น

khûen — Up, to rise; indicates upward movement or increase.

บันได

ban-dai — Staircase or ladder; a structure for climbing levels.

วน

won — To spiral, circle, or wind around repeatedly.

ชำรุด

cham-rút — Worn out, damaged, or in a state of disrepair.

หมวก

mùak — Hat, helmet; headgear worn for protection or style.

เกราะ

gràw — Armor; protective covering worn in combat.

เหล็ก

lèk — Iron, metal; a hard strong ferrous material.

ดู

duu — To look at, watch, or observe something.

ขู่คุกคาม

khùu-khúk-khaam — To threaten, intimidate, or menace someone.

หน้ากาก

nâa-gàak — Mask; a covering worn over the face.

กว้าง

gwâang — Wide, broad; having a large lateral measurement.

สุนัข

sù-nák — Dog; a domesticated canine animal.

ดึง

dueng — To pull, tug, or draw something toward oneself.

โซ่

sôh — Chain; a series of linked metal rings.

ตึง

tueng — Tight, taut, tense; stretched with no slack.

อากาศ

aa-gàat — Air, atmosphere, weather; the gaseous environment around us.

เพื่อ

phûea — In order to, for the purpose of doing something.

ไปถึง

pai-thǔeng — To reach, arrive at a destination or place.

เฝ้า

fâo — To guard, watch over, or keep vigil.

พิง

phing — To lean against or rest on something.

ไว้

wái — To keep, retain, or maintain in a position.

กำแพง

gam-phaeng — Wall; a vertical barrier enclosing or dividing a space.

หลับ

làp — To sleep, be asleep; eyes closed in slumber.

งีบ

ngîp — To nap, doze; a short light sleep.

อยู่

yùu — To be, stay, remain; indicates location or ongoing state.

พาย

phaai — To paddle or row a boat through water.

เหยือก

yùeak — Jug, pitcher; a container for holding liquids.

เบียร์

bia — Beer; an alcoholic beverage brewed from grain.

สีน้ำตาล

sǐi-náam-taan — Brown; the color of earth, wood, or chocolate.

ผ่านไป

phàan-pai — To pass by; time or something moving along continuously.

เรื่อยๆ

rûeai-rûeai — Continuously, steadily, going on without stopping.

ราว

raao — About, approximately; a railing or rough estimate.

ทรมาน

thaw-rá-maan — To torture, torment; cause severe suffering to someone.

หมุน

mǔn — To spin, rotate, or turn around in a circle.

นิ้ว

níu — Finger; one of the digits on a hand.

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, direction; a route or means to somewhere.

เลี้ยว

líao — To turn; change direction while traveling.

นำไป

nam-pai — To lead or take someone or something somewhere.

สู่

sùu — Toward, to; indicates direction of movement or aim.

แท่น

thâen — Platform, block, pedestal; a raised flat surface.

ประหาร

prà-hǎan — To execute; put someone to death as punishment.

ส่วนตัว

sùan-tua — Personal, private; relating to oneself individually.

จน

jon — Until; up to the point that something happens.

กระทั่ง

grà-thâng — Until, even; indicates extent or surprising inclusion.

คุก

khúk — Prison, jail; a facility for confining criminals.

มืดหม่น

mûet-mòn — Dark and gloomy; dimly lit and depressingly dreary.

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — Most, extremely; superlative marker indicating highest degree.

ห้วงลึก

hûang-lûek — Deep abyss or depth; a profound and dark hollow.

ป้อม

pâwm — Fortress, fort; a fortified defensive military structure.

ชั้น

chán — Floor, level, layer; a horizontal stratum of a building.

ในสุด

nai-sùt — Innermost; deepest within, furthest inside something.

ที่นั่น

thîi-nân — There, at that place; refers to a location mentioned.

หยุด

yùt — To stop, halt, cease an action or movement.

ตรง

trong — Straight, directly, right; exact or direct in direction.

ผู้คุม

phûu-khum — Jailer, guard; person responsible for overseeing prisoners.

นั่ง

nâng — To sit down; be in a seated position.

ลูบไล้

lûup-lái — To stroke, caress gently with the hand.

พวง

phuang — Bunch, cluster; a group of items attached together.

กุญแจ

gun-jae — Key; a small metal device that locks or unlocks.

ขนาดใหญ่

khà-nàat-yài — Large-sized, big; of considerable or great dimensions.

โอ้โห

ôh-hǒh — Wow, oh my; exclamation expressing surprise or admiration.