Through the Looking-Glass — Page 8

Vocabulary

นั่น

nan — That (thing over there), demonstrative pronoun.

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for things or animals.

ก็

ko — Also, then; connective particle linking clauses.

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state, identity, or condition.

เรื่อง

rueang — Story, matter, topic, or subject of discussion.

ไร้สาระ

rai sa ra — Nonsense, pointless, without meaning or substance.

ราชินี

ra chi ni — Queen; female royal ruler of a kingdom.

แดง

daeng — Red; the color red.

ส่าย

sai — To shake or sway side to side repeatedly.

หัว

hua — Head; top part of the body or object.

เธอ

thoe — She, her, or you (informal, often feminine).

จะ

cha — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

เรียก

riak — To call, to name, to summon someone.

ว่า

wa — That; quotative particle introducing reported speech.

ได้

dai — Can, able to; also marks past or successful action.

ถ้า

tha — If; conditional conjunction introducing a condition.

อยาก

yak — To want, to desire something strongly.

พระนาง

phra nang — Royal she; honorific pronoun for a queen or princess.

ตรัส

trat — To speak; royal verb used for royalty's speech.

แต่

tae — But, however; conjunction showing contrast.

ฉัน

chan — I, me; first person pronoun, often used by women.

เคย

khoei — Ever, used to; indicates past habitual experience.

ได้ยิน

dai yin — To hear; to perceive sound with the ears.

มา

ma — To come; also directional particle toward speaker.

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then; indicates completed action or sequence.

ที่

thi — At, which, that; place marker or relative pronoun.

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time that; temporal conjunction.

เปรียบ

priap — To compare, to liken one thing to another.

กัน

kan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective particle.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter in general.

พูด

phut — To speak, to talk, to say something.

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative adjective referring to mentioned thing.

ดู

du — To look at, to watch, to appear.

สม

som — Fitting, appropriate, worthy, suitable.

เหตุ

het — Cause, reason, basis for something occurring.

ผล

phon — Result, outcome, fruit; effect of an action.

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, resembling something else.

พจนานุกรม

phot cha na nu krom — Dictionary; reference book of word definitions.

เลย

loei — At all, so, then; intensifier or resultative particle.

ที

thi — Time, instance, occasion of something happening.

เดียว

diao — Single, only, alone; one instance of something.

ถวาย

tha wai — To offer or present something to royalty respectfully.

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix indicating abstract concept or state.

เคารพ

khao rop — To respect, to show reverence or honor.

อีก

ik — Again, more, another; indicates repetition or addition.

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, instance, occasion; classifier for occurrences.

เพราะ

phro — Because, due to; introduces reason or cause.

กลัว

klua — To fear, to be afraid of something.

จาก

chak — From, away from; indicates source or departure.

น้ำเสียง

nam siang — Tone of voice; quality or manner of speaking.

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

อาจ

at — Might, may, possibly; expresses uncertainty or possibility.

เล็กน้อย

lek noi — A little, slightly, a small amount.

ขุ่นเคือง

khun khueang — To be irritated, annoyed, or displeased.

พวก

phuak — Group, bunch; collective pronoun for people or things.

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third person pronoun.

เดิน

doen — To walk, to move on foot.

ต่อ

to — To continue, next, against; connective or directional word.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away from speaker.

อย่าง

yang — Way, manner, type; adverbial marker of manner.

เงียบ

ngiap — Quiet, silent, without noise or sound.

ๆ

(mai yamok) — Repetition mark; indicates the preceding word repeats.

จน

chon — Until, to the point of; indicates extent or result.

กระทั่ง

kra thang — Until, even, up to a point in time.

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at; also means until or to.

ยอด

yot — Top, peak, summit of something; also means excellent.

เนิน

noen — Hill, mound; a small raised landform.

เล็ก

lek — Small, little in size.

อยู่

yu — To be located, to stay, to live somewhere.

สัก

sak — A little, about, just; indefinite softening particle.

ครู่

khru — A moment, a brief period of time.

ยืน

yuen — To stand, to be in upright position.

นิ่ง

ning — Still, motionless, not moving or making sound.

โดย

doi — By, via, through; indicates means or agent.

ไม่

mai — Not; negation particle in Thai language.

อะไร

a rai — What, anything, something; interrogative pronoun.

มอง

mong — To look at, to gaze, to observe.

ออก

ok — Out, outward; directional indicating away or outward.

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each; universal quantifier.

ทิศ

thit — Direction, cardinal direction such as north or south.

ทาง

thang — Way, path, direction, route toward somewhere.

เหนือ

nuea — North; above, upper direction.

แผ่นดิน

phaen din — Land, earth, ground; territory of a country.

และ

lae — And; conjunction joining words or clauses together.

แปลก

plaek — Strange, unusual, odd, unfamiliar.

ประหลาด

pra lat — Weird, bizarre, surprisingly strange or unusual.

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more, increasingly; intensifier for comparison.

มี

mi — To have, there is, there are; indicates existence.

ลำธาร

lam than — Stream, small river flowing through landscape.

น้อย

noi — Few, little, small in amount or quantity.

หลาย

lai — Many, several, numerous items or instances.

สาย

sai — Line, strand, stream; classifier for rivers or strings.

ไหล

lai — To flow, to stream, as liquid moves.

ตรง

trong — Straight, direct, right opposite; directly toward.

ขวาง

khwang — Across, to block, to obstruct a path transversally.

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through, to go past something.

ด้าน

dan — Side, face, aspect of something; direction.

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one or a single unit.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; also means to, toward in some contexts.

พื้นดิน

phuen din — Ground, earth surface, the floor of land.

ระหว่าง

ra wang — Between, among, during; indicates space or interval.

ถูก

thuk — To be correct; also passive marker or to touch.

แบ่ง

baeng — To divide, to split, to share among parties.

ช่อง

chong — Channel, gap, opening, compartment or slot.

สี่เหลี่ยม

si liam — Rectangle or square; four-sided geometric shape.

ด้วย

duai — Also, with, too; indicates accompaniment or addition.

รั้ว

rua — Fence, barrier surrounding an area or property.

ต้นไม้

ton mai — Tree, plant; a woody plant growing from ground.

สี

si — Color; hue or shade of something visible.

เขียว

khiao — Green; the color green.

แถว

thaeo — Row, line, area; a queue or surrounding neighborhood.

ทอด

thot — To extend, stretch out; also means to fry food.

ยาว

yao — Long in length or duration.

ขอ

kho — To request, to ask for something politely.

ประกาศ

pra kat — To announce, declare, or proclaim publicly.

กำหนด

kam not — To set, to determine, to designate a rule.

กระดาน

kra dan — Board, plank; flat surface such as a game board.

หมากรุก

mak ruk — Chess; the strategic board game.

ขนาด

kha nat — Size, dimension, scale of something.

ใหญ่

yai — Big, large in size or scale.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or container.

สุด

sut — Most, utmost, extreme end of something.

ควร

khuan — Should, ought to; indicates recommendation or obligation.

คน

khon — Person, people; human being or classifier for people.

บาง

bang — Some, certain; also means thin in another context.

ไหน

nai — Where, which; interrogative for place or choice.

แห่ง

haeng — Place, location; classifier for places or institutions.

จริง

ching — True, real, genuine, actually so.

เสริม

soem — To add to, supplement, enhance something further.

ดีใจ

di chai — Glad, happy, pleased about something.

หัวใจ

hua chai — Heart; the organ or center of emotions.

เริ่ม

roem — To begin, to start something new.

เต้น

ten — To beat, to throb; also means to dance.

เร็ว

reo — Fast, quick, rapid in speed.

ตื่นเต้น

tuen ten — Excited, thrilled, feeling eager anticipation.

ขณะ

kha na — Moment, while, at the time of something.

เกม

kem — Game; a structured activity for competition or fun.

โต

to — Big, grown, large; to grow or become big.

มหึมา

ma hue ma — Enormous, gigantic, immensely large in scale.

กำลัง

kam lang — Currently doing; progressive aspect marker; also strength.

เล่น

len — To play, to engage in a game or activity.

ทั่ว

thua — Throughout, all over, everywhere across an area.

ทั้ง

thang — All, both, entire; indicates wholeness or totality.

โลก

lok — World, earth, universe; the entire realm.

นี่

ni — This, here; demonstrative pronoun for nearby thing.

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is; equational verb of identification.

นะ

na — Softening particle seeking agreement or softening tone.

โอ้

o — Oh!; exclamation expressing surprise or emotion.

สนุก

sa nuk — Fun, enjoyable, entertaining, pleasurable.

เช่น

chen — For example, such as; introduces examples.

เบี้ย

bia — Pawn; the weakest chess piece; also a small coin.

แค่

khae — Only, just, merely; limits the degree or amount.

เข้า

khao — To enter, go in; directional particle inward.

ร่วม

ruam — To join, to participate, to share together.

พอ

pho — Enough, sufficient; also as soon as in time clauses.

แม้

mae — Even though, although, even if; concessive conjunction.

แน่นอน

nae non — Certainly, definitely, of course; expressing certainty.

มาก

mak — Very, much, a lot; intensifier of degree.

ที่สุด

thi sut — The most, superlative marker; to the greatest extent.