Through the Looking-Glass — Page 3

Vocabulary

ไม่

mâi — Negation word meaning 'not' or 'no'

ได้

dâi — Can, able to, or past tense marker

หรอก

ròk — Particle emphasizing negation or contradiction

ราชินี

râat-chi-nee — Queen; female monarch of a kingdom

ตรัส

trât — Royal word for 'to speak' used for royalty

แยม

yaem — Jam; sweet fruit preserve spread on bread

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

มี

mee — To have; to exist or possess something

ทุก

túk — Every; each; all without exception

วัน

wan — Day; a unit of time equal to 24 hours

อื่น

èun — Other; another; different from the current one

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

ใช่

châi — Yes; correct; affirmative response word

ใดๆ

dai-dai — Any; whatsoever; used in negative or question contexts

เลย

loei — At all; ever; used to intensify negation

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun in Thai

ก็

gôr — Also; then; particle linking clauses or adding emphasis

รู้

rúu — To know; to be aware of information

ฉัน

chăn — I; me; informal first-person pronoun used by women

เข้าใจ

khâo-jai — To understand; to comprehend something clearly

กล่าว

glàow — To say; to state formally or in narration

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

น่า

nâa — Prefix expressing that something seems or ought to be

สับสน

sàp-sŏn — Confused; bewildered; mixed up mentally

อย่าง

yàang — Way; manner; kind; used to form adverbs

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

นั่น

nân — That (over there); pointing to a distant object

คือ

khue — Is; to be; used to define or identify something

ผล

phŏn — Result; outcome; consequence of an action

ของ

khŏng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

การ

gaan — Prefix nominalizing verbs; act or process of doing

ใช้

chái — To use; to utilize something for a purpose

ชีวิต

chee-wít — Life; one's existence or way of living

ถอย

thŏi — To retreat; to move backward or step back

หลัง

lăng — Back; behind; after a point in time or space

อ่อนโยน

òn-yohn — Gentle; tender; soft in manner or character

ทำให้

tham-hâi — To cause; to make something happen or feel

รู้สึก

rúu-sèuk — To feel; to sense an emotion or physical sensation

เวียน

wian — To spin; to feel dizzy or go around in circles

หัว

hŭa — Head; top part of the body or an object

เล็กน้อย

lék-nói — A little; slightly; a small amount

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time period

ตอน

ton — Time; moment; episode or part of something

แรก

râek — First; earliest; at the beginning

เสมอ

sa-mŏe — Always; ever; consistently without exception

พูด

phûut — To speak; to talk; to say words aloud

ซ้ำ

sám — Repeatedly; again; to do something once more

ด้วย

dûay — Also; with; by means of; accompaniment particle

ความ

khwaam — Prefix turning adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns

ประหลาดใจ

pra-làat-jai — Surprised; astonished; feeling shock or wonder

เคย

khoei — Ever; used to; to have done something before

ได้ยิน

dâi-yin — To hear; to perceive sound with one's ears

เรื่อง

rûeang — Story; matter; topic or subject being discussed

แบบ

bàep — Style; type; pattern or form of something

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

ก่อน

gòn — Before; first; prior to a time or event

แต่

dtàe — But; however; conjunction showing contrast

ข้อ

khôr — Point; item; clause or article in a list

ได้เปรียบ

dâi-prìap — To have an advantage; to be at a benefit

อัน

an — Classifier for items; one; a general noun classifier

ยิ่งใหญ่

yîng-yài — Great; magnificent; grand in scale or importance

อยู่

yùu — To be; to stay; to exist at a location

หนึ่ง

nèung — One; the number one; a single unit

ทรงจำ

song-jam — To remember; royal term for memory or recollection

คน

khon — Person; people; human being; person classifier

เรา

rao — We; us; first-person plural pronoun

ทำงาน

tham-ngaan — To work; to perform a job or task

ทั้ง

táng — Both; all; entirety of something included together

สอง

sŏng — Two; the number two

ทาง

thaang — Way; direction; path or means of doing something

แน่ใจ

nâe-jai — Sure; certain; confident about something being true

ว่า

wâa — That; to say; complementizer introducing reported speech

แค่

khâe — Only; just; merely; limiting the scope of something

เดียว

diao — Only; single; alone; one and nothing more

จำ

jam — To remember; to memorize; to recall from memory

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; object; something abstract or concrete

ต่างๆ

tàang-tàang — Various; diverse; different kinds or types

ที่

thîi — That; which; relative pronoun or place marker

จะ

jà — Will; shall; future tense marker in Thai

เกิด

gèrt — To happen; to be born; to occur or arise

ขึ้น

khêun — Up; to rise; directional particle indicating increase

ช่าง

châang — How; what a; exclamation emphasizing a quality

สงสาร

sŏng-săan — To pity; to feel compassion for someone's misfortune

ไหน

năi — Where; which; interrogative for location or choice

ดี

dii — Good; nice; well; positive quality or condition

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — Most; superlative marker; the utmost degree

กล้า

glâa — Brave; daring; to have courage to do something

ถาม

thăam — To ask; to inquire; to pose a question

สัปดาห์

sàp-daa — Week; a period of seven days

ถัด

thàt — Next; following; immediately after in sequence

จาก

jàak — From; away from; indicating origin or separation

หน้า

nâa — Face; front; next; the following one in order

ตอบ

tòp — To answer; to reply to a question or statement

น้ำเสียง

nám-sĭang — Tone of voice; manner in which words are spoken

แยแส

yae-săe — To care; to be concerned; often used negatively

ตัวอย่าง

tua-yàang — Example; sample; an instance illustrating something

เช่น

chên — Such as; for example; like; used before examples

พระองค์

phra-ong — Royal pronoun referring to a king or queen

ทรง

song — Royal prefix for verbs; to maintain a position

ต่อไป

tòr-pai — Continue; go on; further; to proceed onward

พลาง

plaang — While; at the same time; doing two things simultaneously

ติด

tìt — To attach; to stick; to be fastened to something

ผ้า

phâa — Cloth; fabric; material used for clothing or bandages

พัน

phan — To wrap; to bind around; also meaning thousand

แผล

phlăe — Wound; injury; a damaged area on the body

ชิ้น

chín — Piece; chunk; classifier for pieces of things

ใหญ่

yài — Big; large; great in size or scale

บน

bon — On; above; on top of a surface or place

นิ้ว

níu — Finger; toe; also an inch measurement unit

ขณะ

kha-nà — While; moment; at the time that something occurs

ผู้

phûu — Person; one who; prefix indicating a person's role

ส่งสาร

sòng-săan — Messenger; one who delivers messages or communications

กษัตริย์

gà-sàt — King; male monarch; ruler of a kingdom

เขา

khăo — He; she; they; third-person pronoun in Thai

คุก

khúk — Prison; jail; place where criminals are confined

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently; in the process of; progressive tense marker

ถูก

thùuk — To be subjected to; correct; passive voice marker

ลงโทษ

long-thôot — To punish; to impose a penalty on someone

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses together

พิจารณา

phí-jaa-rá-naa — To consider; to examine; to deliberate a matter

คดี

khá-dee — Case; lawsuit; legal matter under consideration

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; also; indicates ongoing or incomplete action

เริ่มต้น

rêrm-tôn — To begin; to start; the commencement of something

จน

jon — Until; up to; so much that; to the point of

กว่า

gwàa — Than; more than; comparative particle in Thai

ถึง

thĕung — To reach; until; up to; arriving at a point

พุธ

phút — Wednesday; the fourth day of the week

แน่นอน

nâe-non — Certainly; of course; definitely without any doubt

ความผิด

khwaam-phìt — Fault; guilt; wrongdoing; criminal offense committed

เป็น

pen — To be; to become; linking verb in Thai

ลำดับ

lam-dàp — Order; sequence; rank in an arranged series

สุดท้าย

sùt-táai — Last; final; at the very end of something

สมมติ

sŏm-mút — Suppose; assume; pretend that something is the case

ก่อ

gòr — To cause; to commit; to bring about something negative

อาชญากรรม

àat-chá-yaa-gam — Crime; criminal act; serious offense against law

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle moving away from speaker

อีก

èek — Again; another; more; additionally in the future

หรือ

rĕu — Or; whether; conjunction offering alternatives or questions

รอบ

rôp — Round; time; lap; a complete cycle or turn

อาจ

àat — Might; may; possibly; expressing uncertainty or possibility

ปฏิเสธ

pà-tì-sèet — To deny; to refuse; to reject a claim or offer

เธอ

thoe — She; her; you (feminine informal second-person pronoun)