Through the Looking-Glass — Page 8

Vocabulary

ที่

thîi — At, which, that; relative pronoun or preposition

ฉัน

chǎn — I, me; first-person pronoun (informal, female)

หมายถึง

mǎai thʉ̌ng — To mean, to refer to something

ด้วย

dûay — Also, too, with; used for addition or accompaniment

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of language

ว่า

wâa — That; introduces a clause or quotation

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix indicating abstract concept or state

ทึบ

thʉ́p — Opaque, dense, solid; not allowing light through

แสง

sɛ̌ɛng — Light; radiance from a source

ก็

gɔ̂ɔ — Also, then, so; discourse particle showing continuation

คือ

khʉʉ — Is, are; used to equate or define something

เรา

rao — We, us, I; first-person pronoun (inclusive)

พูด

phûut — To speak, to talk

เรื่อง

rʉ̂ang — Story, topic, matter, issue

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

กัน

gan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective particle

มา

maa — To come; also a directional verb particle

พอ

phɔɔ — Enough, sufficient; just as

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — Already, then; indicates completed action

และ

lɛ́ — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

คง

khong — Probably, likely; expresses probability or supposition

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker

ดี

dii — Good, well, fine

ไม่

mâi — Not, no; negation particle

น้อย

nɔ́ɔi — Few, little, small amount

ถ้า

thâa — If; conditional conjunction

เธอ

thəə — She, her, you; second or third person pronoun

บอก

bɔ̀ɔk — To tell, to inform someone

ตั้งใจ

tâng jai — To intend, to focus; doing something deliberately

ทำ

tham — To do, to make, to perform

อะไร

àrai — What; interrogative pronoun asking about things

ต่อไป

tɔ̀ɔ pai — Continuing, from now on, further ahead

เพราะ

phráw — Because; conjunction indicating reason or cause

เดา

dao — To guess, to speculate without certainty

ได้

dâi — Can, able to; also indicates past or permission

ยืน

yʉʉn — To stand upright on one's feet

อยู่

yùu — To be, to stay, to live; continuative aspect marker

นี่

nîi — This, here; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

ตลอด

talɔ̀ɔt — Throughout, all along, the whole time

ชีวิต

chiiwít — Life; one's existence or livelihood

เหลือ

lʉ̌a — To remain, to be left over

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pointing to something over there

เป็น

pen — To be, to become; linking verb

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes

บรรจุ

banjú — To fill, to pack, to contain something inside

ความหมาย

khwaam mǎai — Meaning, significance of a word or action

ไว้

wái — To keep, to store; retentive verb particle

มากมาย

mâak maai — Many, a great deal, plenty of something

เกินไป

gəən pai — Too much, excessively, beyond a reasonable limit

สำหรับ

sǎmràp — For, intended for; preposition indicating purpose

เดียว

diaw — Single, only one, alone

น้ำเสียง

náam sǐang — Tone of voice; quality or manner of speaking

ครุ่นคิด

khrûn khít — To ponder, to think deeply about something

เมื่อ

mʉ̂a — When, at the time that; temporal conjunction

บังคับ

bangkháp — To force, to compel, to command someone

ให้

hâi — To give; causative particle meaning to let or make

ทำงาน

tham ngaan — To work, to do one's job

หนัก

nàk — Heavy, hard, difficult; intense

ขนาด

khànàat — Size, dimension; also used as an intensifier

กล่าว

glàao — To say, to state; formal verb for speaking

จ่าย

jàai — To pay money for something

ค่า

khâa — Value, cost, fee, price

ตอบแทน

tɔ̀ɔp thɛɛn — To repay, to compensate, to give in return

พิเศษ

phísèet — Special, extraordinary, extra

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for objects or animals

เสมอ

sàmə̌ə — Always, consistently; also means equal or level

โอ้

ôo — Oh!; exclamation of surprise or realization

อุทาน

ùthaan — Exclamation, interjection; an emotional outburst

งง

ngong — Confused, puzzled, baffled

งวย

nguay — Bewildered, dazed, at a loss

เกินกว่า

gəən gwàa — More than, beyond, exceeding a certain limit

อีก

ìik — More, again, another, additionally

อา

aa — Ah; exclamation expressing realization or surprise

ควร

khuuan — Should, ought to; expressing obligation or advice

เห็น

hěn — To see, to notice, to perceive visually

พวก

phûak — Group, bunch; plural marker for people or things

วน

won — To circle, to go around, to loop

เวียน

wian — To spin, to revolve, to rotate

รอบๆ

rɔ̂ɔp rɔ̂ɔp — Around, surrounding, in circles

ใน

nai — In, inside, within

คืน

khʉʉn — Night; also to return something

วัน

wan — Day; a unit of time

เสาร์

sǎo — Saturday; the sixth day of the week

ต่อ

tɔ̀ɔ — To continue, per, against; connecting particle

พลาง

phlaang — While doing something simultaneously; meanwhile

สั่น

sân — To shake, to tremble, to vibrate

ศีรษะ

sǐisà — Head; the uppermost part of the body

อย่าง

yàang — Like, in a manner of, type, kind

ขึงขัง

khʉ̌ng khǎng — Stern, solemn, serious in manner or expression

ไป

pai — To go; also a directional particle

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — For the purpose of, in order to

รับ

ráp — To receive, to accept, to take something

ค่าจ้าง

khâa jâang — Wages, salary paid for work done

รู้

rúu — To know, to be aware of something

กล้า

glâa — To dare, to be brave enough to do

ถาม

thǎam — To ask, to question someone

เขา

khǎo — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

ดังนั้น

dang nán — Therefore, so, thus; indicates a conclusion

สามารถ

sǎamâat — Can, to be able to; expressing capability

เช่นกัน

chên gan — Likewise, same here, as well

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun

ดู

duu — To look, to watch, to examine

เชี่ยวชาญ

chîao chaan — Expert, skilled, proficient in a field

อธิบาย

àthibaai — To explain, to describe clearly

มาก

mâak — Very, much, a lot; intensifier

เลย

ləəi — At all, ever, so; emphatic or result particle

นะ

ná — Softening particle seeking agreement or reassurance

คะ

khá — Polite particle used by female speakers

ช่วย

chûay — To help, to assist someone

บทกวี

bòt gawii — Poem, poetry; a literary composition in verse

ชื่อ

chʉ̂ʉ — Name; what something or someone is called

ฟัง

fang — To listen, to hear something attentively

ไหม

mǎi — Question particle at end of yes/no questions

ลอง

lɔɔng — To try, to attempt something

สิ

sì — Encouraging particle; go ahead, come on

ทุก

thúk — Every, each, all

บท

bòt — Lesson, chapter, verse, role

เคย

khəəi — Used to, ever; indicates past experience

มี

mii — To have, there is/are

แต่ง

tɛ̀ɛng — To compose, to write; also to dress or decorate

ขึ้น

khʉ̂n — Up, to rise; also an aspect particle

หลาย

lǎai — Many, several, numerous

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; also can mean also or even

ซ้ำ

sám — To repeat, again, repeatedly

สิ่งนี้

sìng níi — This thing; referring to something nearby or mentioned

น่า

nâa — Should be, worthy of; precedes adjectives to suggest

หวัง

wǎng — To hope, to wish for something

จึง

jʉng — Therefore, so; shows result or consequence

ท่อง

thɔ̂ɔng — To recite, to memorize and repeat aloud

แรก

rɛ̂ɛk — First, initial, the beginning one

ยาม

yaam — Time, period, watch; a moment or guard shift

หมุนวน

mǔn won — To spin around, to whirl in circles

เจาะไช

jɔ̀ chái — To bore, to drill, to pierce through something

ล้วน

lûan — All, entirely, solely, without exception

แค่

khɛ̂ɛ — Only, just, merely

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby things

เริ่มต้น

rə̂əm tôn — To begin, to start, the beginning

ขัด

khàt — To contradict, to obstruct; also to scrub or polish

ยาก

yâak — Difficult, hard, not easy