Through the Looking-Glass — Page 6

Vocabulary

ถ้า

thâa — if; used to introduce a conditional clause

คุณ

khun — you; polite second-person pronoun

บอก

bòk — to tell, inform, or say something to someone

ฉัน

chǎn — I; first-person pronoun used by females

ได้

dâi — can, able to; also marks past or successful action

ว่า

wâa — that; introduces a clause or reported speech

เป็น

pen — to be; indicates state, identity, or condition

ภาษา

phaa-sǎa — language; a system of human communication

อะไร

à-rai — what; interrogative pronoun asking about identity

ก็

gôr — also, then; discourse particle linking clauses

จะ

jà — will; future tense marker or expression of intent

คำ

kham — word; a unit of language or speech

แปล

plae — to translate; convert meaning between languages

ฝรั่งเศส

fa-ràng-sèt — France; the European country, or French language

ของ

khǒng — of; possessive particle indicating ownership or belonging

มัน

man — it; third-person pronoun for things or animals

ให้

hâi — to give; also marks causative or benefactive action

เธอ

ther — she/her or you; pronoun used informally

ร้อง

róng — to cry out, shout, or sing loudly

ขึ้น

khûen — up; directional particle indicating upward movement

อย่าง

yàang — in a manner of; like, as, or such as

มี

mii — to have; indicates possession or existence

ชัย

chai — victory; triumph over an opponent or challenge

แต่

dtàe — but; conjunction indicating contrast or exception

ราชินี

raa-chi-nii — queen; a female monarch or ruler of a kingdom

แดง

daeng — red; the color red

ยืด

yûet — to stretch or extend something longer

ตัว

dtua — body; classifier for animals, letters, or oneself

เย็นชา

yen-chaa — cold and aloof; indifferent in manner or attitude

แล้ว

láew — already; indicates completion of an action

กล่าว

glàaw — to state or say formally; to declare something

ไม่

mâi — not; negation particle used before verbs

เคย

khoei — ever, used to; indicates past habitual experience

ต่อรอง

dtòr-rong — to negotiate or bargain over terms or price

อยาก

yàak — to want or desire something strongly

ถาม

thǎam — to ask; to pose a question to someone

คำถาม

kham-thǎam — question; an inquiry seeking information or answer

เลย

loei — at all; ever; emphasizes negation or result

คิด

khít — to think; to consider or have a thought

ใน

nai — in, inside; preposition indicating location within

ใจ

jai — heart, mind; center of emotion and thought

อย่า

yàa — don't; imperative particle used to prohibit action

เรา

rao — we/us or I; first-person pronoun

ทะเลาะ

thá-ló — to quarrel or argue with someone

กัน

gan — each other; reciprocal marker or together

ขาว

khǎao — white; the color white

ด้วย

dûay — also, too, with; adds inclusion or means

น้ำเสียง

nám-sǐang — tone of voice; quality conveyed through speech sound

กังวล

gang-won — to worry; to feel anxious or concerned about something

คือ

khue — is, namely; defines or equates two things

สาเหตุ

sǎa-hèt — cause or reason for an event or situation

ฟ้าแลบ

fáa-láep — lightning; flash of light during a storm

พูด

phûut — to speak or talk; to express words verbally

มั่นใจ

mân-jai — confident; certain or sure about something

เพราะ

phró — because; introduces the reason for something

รู้สึก

rúu-sùek — to feel; to sense an emotion or physical sensation

แน่ใจ

nâe-jai — certain, sure; feeling definite confidence about something

เรื่องนี้

rûang-níi — this matter or issue; this particular topic

มาก

mâak — very, much, a lot; intensifier of degree

เสียง

sǐang — sound, voice; audible vibration produced by something

ฟ้าร้อง

fáa-róng — thunder; loud sound following a lightning strike

ไม่ใช่

mâi-châi — is not; negates identity or classification

รีบ

rîip — to hurry; to do something quickly or urgently

แก้ไข

gâe-kǎi — to correct or fix; to amend an error

ตัวเอง

dtua-eng — oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the subject

หมายถึง

mǎai-thǔeng — to mean; to refer to or signify something

อีก

ìik — another, more, again; indicates addition or repetition

ทางหนึ่ง

thaang-nùeng — one way; one direction or method among others

สาย

sǎai — late; or a line or cord; context-dependent

เกินไป

goen-pai — too much; excessively beyond an acceptable degree

ที่

thîi — at, which; location marker or relative pronoun

เมื่อ

mûea — when; referring to a past time or moment

ออก

òk — out; to exit or emerge from a place

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle indicating movement away

ครั้งหนึ่ง

khráng-nùeng — once; one time in the past

ตายตัว

dtaai-dtua — fixed, rigid; set and unchangeable in nature

และ

láe — and; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ต้อง

dtông — must, have to; expresses obligation or necessity

รับ

ráp — to receive or accept something given or offered

ผล

phon — result, consequence; outcome of an action or event

ตามมา

dtaam-maa — to follow; to come after as a consequence

ซึ่ง

sûeng — which; relative pronoun linking clauses in formal writing

ทำให้

tham-hâi — to make, cause; to result in a certain effect

นึกถึง

nûek-thǔeng — to think of; to recall or be reminded of something

มอง

mong — to look at; to gaze or observe something

ลง

long — down; directional particle indicating downward movement

แยก

yâek — to separate or split apart; to divide

ประหม่า

prà-mâa — nervous, flustered; feeling anxious in a social situation

พายุฝนฟ้าคะนอง

phaa-yu-fon-fáa-khá-nong — thunderstorm; a storm with thunder, lightning, and rain

รุนแรง

run-raeng — severe, intense, violent; of great force or degree

วัน

wan — day; a 24-hour period of time

อังคาร

ang-khaan — Tuesday; second day of the week in Thai

หนึ่ง

nùeng — one; the number 1

ชุด

chút — set, suit, outfit; a complete group of items

ล่าสุด

lâa-sùt — latest, most recent; the newest among a series

รู้

rúu — to know; to be aware of a fact

นะ

ná — softening particle; makes speech friendlier or persuasive

งุนงง

ngun-ngong — confused, puzzled; unable to understand a situation

ประเทศ

prà-thêet — country; a nation with its own government

แค่

khâe — only, just; limiting quantity or scope

เดียว

diao — only, single, alone; just one of something

แต่ละ

dtàe-lá — each; referring to every individual item separately

ครั้ง

khráng — time, occasion; classifier for occurrences or instances

นั่น

nân — that; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

วิธี

wí-thii — method, way; a procedure for doing something

น่าสงสาร

nâa-song-sǎan — pitiful, poor thing; deserving sympathy or compassion

แคบ

khâep — narrow, tight; limited in width or space

นี่

nîi — this; demonstrative pronoun for something nearby

ส่วนใหญ่

sùan-yài — mostly, majority; the greater part of something

กลางวัน

glaang-wan — daytime, midday; the middle part of the day

กลางคืน

glaang-khuen — nighttime; the middle or main part of night

สอง

sǒng — two; the number 2

หรือ

rǔe — or; presents an alternative option or question

สาม

sǎam — three; the number 3

คราว

khraao — time, occasion; an instance or turn of something

บางครั้ง

baang-khráng — sometimes; occasionally but not always

หน้าหนาว

nâa-nǎao — winter season; the cold season of the year

รวม

ruam — to include or combine; total together

ถึง

thǔeng — to reach; until; used to indicate extent or arrival

ห้า

hâa — five; the number 5

คืน

khuen — night; one night as a unit of time

ด้วยกัน

dûay-gan — together; jointly with one another

เพื่อ

phûea — in order to; for the purpose of something

ความ

khwaam — nominalizer prefix forming abstract nouns from adjectives

อบอุ่น

òp-ùn — warm and cozy; comfortably warm in temperature or feeling

อุ่น

ùn — warm; moderately heated, not cold

กว่า

gwàa — more than; comparative particle indicating greater degree

ใช่

châi — yes; confirms a statement as correct or true

ไหม

mǎi — question particle; turns statement into yes/no question

กล้า

glâa — brave, daring; having courage to do something

เท่า

thâo — as much as, equal to; indicates equivalence in degree

แน่นอน

nâe-non — certainly, of course; expressing definite confirmation

ควร

khuan — should, ought to; expresses recommendation or advisability

หนาว

nǎao — cold; feeling or being cold in temperature

ตาม

dtaam — according to, following; in accordance with rules

กฎ

gòt — rule, law, regulation; an established principle to follow

เดียวกัน

diao-gan — the same; identical or shared among parties

แหละ

làe — emphasis particle; stresses finality or exact identification