Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 2

Vocabulary

近い

chikai — Close, near in distance or time

将来

shōrai — The future; in the near future

この

kono — This (referring to something nearby)

民族

minzoku — Ethnic group, people, nationality

について

ni tsuite — About, concerning, regarding a topic

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle

研究

kenkyū — Research, study, academic investigation

を

wo — Object marker particle in Japanese

出版

shuppan — Publication, publishing a book or work

する

suru — To do, to perform an action

つもり

tsumori — Intention, plan to do something

で

de — Particle indicating means, place, or context

ある

aru — To exist, to be (for inanimate things)

が

ga — Subject marker or conjunctive particle

生活

seikatsu — Daily life, living, lifestyle

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or target

馴染み

najimi — Familiarity, being accustomed to something

ない

nai — Negative form; not existing or not doing

読者

dokusha — Reader, person who reads a text

とって

totte — For, from the perspective of someone

物語

monogatari — Story, tale, narrative account

中

naka — Inside, within, among a group or text

多く

ōku — Many, much, a large number of things

言及

genkyū — Reference, mention of a topic

理解

rikai — Understanding, comprehension of content

こと

koto — Thing, fact, nominalizer for verbs

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese

ほぼ

hobo — Almost, nearly, approximately

不可能

fukanō — Impossible, not able to be done

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker

認識

ninshiki — Recognition, awareness, understanding of situation

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; and, so

難解

nankai — Difficult to understand, abstruse, complex

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns

箇所

kasho — Passage, section, specific part of text

意味

imi — Meaning, sense of a word or phrase

把握

haaku — Grasp, comprehend, get a firm understanding

できる

dekiru — Can do, to be able to, possible

よう

yō — So that, in order to, appearance or manner

脚注

kyakuchū — Footnote, annotation at bottom of page

付け加え

tsukekuwae — To add, to append additional information

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

序文

jobun — Preface, foreword of a book

神話

shinwa — Myth, mythology, traditional sacred story

現れる

arawareru — To appear, to emerge, to show up

文化

bunka — Culture, civilization, cultural practices

まとめ

matome — Summary, compilation, bringing together

現代

gendai — Modern era, contemporary times

状況

jōkyō — Situation, circumstances, current conditions

や

ya — And, or; listing particle (non-exhaustive)

信仰

shinkō — Faith, religious belief, devotion

対比

taihi — Contrast, comparison between two things

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; also filler particle

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary; to make or let someone do

試み

kokoromi — Attempt, try, effort toward a goal

なさ

nasa — Lack of quality; nominalizes negative adjectives

れて

rete — Passive or potential auxiliary verb form

いる

iru — To exist, to be (animate); progressive marker

して

Doing; conjunctive te-form of suru

実際

jissai — Actually, in reality, in practice

観察

kansatsu — Observation, watching carefully and systematically

直接

chokusetsu — Direct, immediate, without intermediary

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-ic', '-al', or '-like'

調査

chōsa — Investigation, survey, research inquiry

よって

yotte — By means of, due to, because of

得

e — To obtain, gain; potential suffix can

られる

rareru — Passive/potential auxiliary; can be done

以上

ijō — More than, beyond, above a certain level

彼ら

karera — They, them (third person plural)

精神

seishin — Spirit, mind, mental attitude or character

ついて

tsuite — Concerning, about, following along with

より

yori — Than, more than, from (comparison particle)

明確

meikaku — Clear, definite, precise, unambiguous

洞察

dōsatsu — Insight, penetrating understanding of something

得る

eru — To obtain, to gain, to acquire

ともに

tomo ni — Together with, along with, at the same time

特定

tokutei — Specific, particular, to identify precisely

活動

katsudō — Activity, action, operation, movement

付与

fuyo — To grant, bestow, assign a value or right

価値

kachi — Value, worth, importance of something

良い

yoi — Good, fine, desirable, of high quality

期待

kitai — Expectation, hope, anticipation of outcome

また

mata — Also, again, moreover, furthermore

これら

korera — These (plural proximal demonstrative pronoun)

発展

hatten — Development, growth, expansion, progress

した

shita — Past tense of suru; did, performed

初期

shoki — Early stage, initial period of something

すなわち

sunawachi — That is, namely, in other words

人

hito / jin — Person, people, human being

到来

tōrai — Arrival, advent, coming of something new

以前

izen — Before, prior to, formerly

垣間見

kaimami — To glimpse, catch a brief fleeting view

せて

sete — Causative te-form; making someone do something

くれる

kureru — To give (to me/us); to do a favor

可能性

kanōsei — Possibility, potential, likelihood of occurrence

も

mo — Also, too, even (inclusive particle)

まず

mazu — First of all, to begin with

最初

saisho — First, the very beginning, at first

ここ

koko — Here, this place (proximal location)

歴史

rekishi — History, historical record of past events

時代

jidai — Era, age, historical period or epoch

再構成

saikōsei — Reconstruction, rebuilding or reorganizing something

しよう

shiyō — Let's do; volitional form of suru

行わ

okonawa — To carry out, conduct, perform (stem form)

注意

chūi — Caution, attention, warning, care

べき

beki — Should, ought to, must (obligation)

後

ato / go — After, later, behind in time or place

明らか

akiraka — Clear, obvious, evident, apparent

なる

naru — To become, to turn into something

資料

shiryō — Material, data, reference document or source

一部

ichibu — A part, portion, some of a whole

非常

hijō — Extremely, very, extraordinary degree

古い

furui — Old, ancient, aged (for things)

もの

mono — Thing, object, matter, something

あり

ari — Conjunctive form of aru; existing, being

おおよそ

oyoso — Approximately, roughly, about (estimate)

年代

nendai — Date, era, period, decade of years

推定

suitei — Estimation, presumption, approximated guess

付加

fuka — Addition, appending, adding on extra element

要素

yōso — Element, factor, component of something

重要

jūyō — Important, significant, crucial, essential

位置

ichi — Position, location, place, standing

占める

shimeru — To occupy, to hold a position or share

なって

natte — Te-form of naru; becoming, having become

一方

ippō — On the other hand; one side or direction

間違い

machigai — Mistake, error, being wrong

なく

naku — Without, lacking; conjunctive negative form

歴代

rekidai — Successive generations, successive reigns or eras

語り手

katarite — Narrator, storyteller, person who tells stories

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people and animate beings

創造

sōzō — Creation, creative act, bringing into existence

想像力

sōzōryoku — Imagination, creative imaginative power

負って

otte — Owing to, indebted to, bearing responsibility

近隣

kinrin — Neighboring, nearby, adjacent area or group

部族

buzoku — Tribe, clan, tribal group of people

民間

minkan — Folk, civilian, non-governmental, public

伝承

denshō — Tradition, folklore, oral transmission of culture

比較

hikaku — Comparison, comparing two or more things

だろう

darō — Probably, likely; conjecture or supposition

残念

zannen — Unfortunate, regrettable, disappointing

ながら

nagara — While doing, even though, although

その

sono — That (referring to something previously mentioned)

利用

riyō — Use, utilization, making use of something

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, mostly, nearly all, hardly any