Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 6

Vocabulary

実際

jissai — In reality; actually; in practice

労働者

rōdōsha — Worker; laborer; person who works

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar

日々

hibi — Day by day; every day; daily

真

shin / ma — True; genuine; real; authentic

の

no — Possessive or linking particle in Japanese

誠実

seijitsu — Sincere; honest; faithful; earnest in character

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives into abstract nouns

を

wo — Direct object marker particle in Japanese

保つ

tamotsu — To maintain; to keep; to preserve something

ため

tame — For the purpose of; for the sake of

余暇

yoka — Leisure time; free time; spare time

持っ

motte (持って) — To have; to hold; to possess something

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

い

i — Auxiliary verb indicating ongoing state or action

ない

nai — Negative form; not; does not exist

彼

kare — He; him; that person (male)

人々

hitobito — People; various people; persons in general

と

to — And; with; quotation particle in Japanese

最も

mottomo — Most; extremely; to the greatest degree

男らしい

otokorashii — Manly; masculine; virile in character or bearing

関係

kankei — Relationship; connection; association between things

維持

iji — Maintenance; preservation; keeping something sustained

する

suru — To do; to perform; general action verb

余裕

yoyū — Margin; leeway; composure; extra capacity or time

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

労働

rōdō — Labor; work; toil; physical or mental effort

市場

shijō / ichiba — Market; marketplace; place of trade or commerce

で

de — At; in; by means of; location or method particle

価値

kachi — Value; worth; merit of something

下げ

sage — Lowering; reducing; bringing down in level

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; completion with regret

だろう

darō — Probably; I suppose; expressing conjecture or supposition

に

ni — To; at; in; directional or locative particle

機械

kikai — Machine; mechanical device; apparatus

以外

igai — Other than; except for; besides something

何か

nanika — Something; anything; some kind of thing

なる

naru — To become; to turn into; to result in

時間

jikan — Time; hours; a period or duration of time

これほど

korehodo — This much; to this extent; so very much

頻繁

hinpan — Frequent; often; happening repeatedly many times

自分

jibun — Oneself; myself; yourself; one's own self

知識

chishiki — Knowledge; information; learning; intellectual understanding

使わ

tsukawa (使う) — To use; to employ; to make use of

なけれ

nakere (なければ) — Must; have to; if not; conditional negative

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when

なら

nara — If; in that case; conditional conjunctive particle

者

mono / sha — Person; one who; a person characterized by something

自ら

mizukara — By oneself; personally; of one's own accord

成長

seichō — Growth; development; maturing over time

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; needed; required; essential

な

na — Adjectival linking particle; attributive form marker

無知

muchi — Ignorance; lack of knowledge or awareness

どう

dō — How; in what way; in what manner

やって

yatte — Doing; trying; carrying out an action

よく

yoku — Well; often; frequently; thoroughly; skillfully

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner feelings

留め

tome — To fix in mind; to keep; to retain mentally

おく

oku — To do in advance; to leave in a state

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verbs

できる

dekiru — To be able to; can; to be possible

か

ka — Question particle; or; expressing doubt or inquiry

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

評価

hyōka — Evaluation; assessment; appraisal; rating of value

前

mae — Before; in front of; previous; prior time

時

toki — Time; moment; occasion; when something occurs

無償

mushō — Free of charge; without compensation; gratuitous

食事

shokuji — Meal; food; eating a meal together

衣服

ifuku — Clothing; garments; clothes worn on the body

与え

atae (与える) — To give; to provide; to grant something to someone

から

kara — From; because; after; starting point particle

もてなし

motenashi — Hospitality; entertainment; warm reception of guests

元気づける

genkizukeru — To cheer up; to encourage; to energize someone

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing moral obligation

ある

aru — To exist; to be; to have (inanimate things)

果物

kudamono — Fruit; edible fruit from trees or plants

表面

hyōmen — Surface; exterior; outer face of something

産毛

ubuge — Fine downy hair; soft fuzz on skin or fruit

よう

yō — Like; as if; resembling; seems to be

本性

honshō — True nature; innate character; one's real self

優れ

sugure (優れる) — To excel; to be superior; outstanding in quality

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb; completed action marker

資質

shishitsu — Nature; innate quality; natural disposition or talent

繊細

sensai — Delicate; sensitive; fine; subtle in quality

扱い

atsukai — Treatment; handling; dealing with something or someone

よって

yotte — By means of; due to; because of; therefore

のみ

nomi — Only; merely; just; exclusive limiting particle

保た

tamota (保つ) — To be maintained; to be kept in a state

れる

reru — Passive or potential verb ending suffix

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; conjunctive contrast word

自身

jishin — Oneself; personally; one's own self (emphatic)

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle in Japanese

互い

tagai — Each other; one another; mutual relationship

その

sono — That; those; the (near the listener)

優しく

yasashiku — Kindly; gently; tenderly; in a gentle manner

扱わ

atsukawa (扱う) — To treat; to handle; to deal with someone

皆

mina / minna — Everyone; all; everybody together

知っ

shitte (知る) — To know; to be aware; to understand something

いる

iru — To be; to exist (animate beings); ongoing state

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun

方

kata / hō — Person (polite); direction; side; way

中

naka / chū — Inside; middle; among; within a group

貧しく

mazushiku — Poorly; in poverty; in a poor manner

生き

iki (生きる) — To live; to be alive; to survive

いく

iku — To go; to proceed; auxiliary for ongoing action

難しく

muzukashiku — Difficult; hard; challenging in an adverbial form

いわば

iwaba — So to speak; as it were; in other words

息

iki — Breath; breathing; respiration

絶え絶え

taedae — Faint; gasping; barely breathing; intermittent breath

なっ

natte (なる) — Becoming; having become; turning into a state

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; individual

この

kono — This; these (near the speaker)

本

hon — Book; volume; a published written work

読ん

yon (読む) — To read; reading text or a book

食べ

tabe (食べる) — To eat; to consume food

すべて

subete — All; everything; entirely; the whole of something

代金

daikin — Price; payment; cost of goods or services

払え

harae (払う) — Pay! imperative form of to pay money

や

ya — And; or; listing particle; exclamatory particle

急速

kyūsoku — Rapid; swift; at a fast pace or speed

擦り減っ

surihette (擦り減る) — To wear down; to be worn away by friction

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; at this point in time

擦り切れ

surikire (擦り切れる) — To be worn out; frayed; threadbare from use

しまっ

shimatte (しまう) — To have ended up; completed regrettable action

コート

kōto — Coat; overcoat; outer garment worn over clothes

靴

kutsu — Shoes; footwear worn on the feet

いて

ite (いる) — Being; existing; while being in a state

一

ichi / hito — One; first; single; the number one

奪い

ubai (奪う) — To snatch; to take away; to seize by force

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously; conjunctive particle

借り

kari (借りる) — To borrow; to rent; borrowing something from someone

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; either; otherwise

盗ん

nusunn (盗む) — To steal; to pilfer; to take without permission

だ

da — Is; am; are; plain form copula

ページ

pēji — Page; a single side of a sheet in a book

費やし

tsuyashi (費やす) — To spend; to use up; to expend time or money

き

ki — Came; went; auxiliary indicating past completion

という

to iu — Called; known as; the thing called; that says

疑わ

utagawa (疑う) — To doubt; to suspect; to question someone's honesty