Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 7

Vocabulary

あなたたち

anatatachi — You (plural); referring to a group of people.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese grammar.

多く

ooku — Many; a large number or great amount.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle indicating the grammatical subject.

いかに

ikani — How; in what way; to what extent.

卑しく

iyashiku — In a base, mean, or degraded manner.

こそこそと

kosokoso to — Sneakily; furtively; in a secretive manner.

した

shita — Did; past tense form of the verb 'to do'.

生活

seikatsu — Life; daily living; one's way of life.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

送って

okutte — Sending; spending (time or life); living out.

いる

iru — To be; indicates ongoing state or action.

か

ka — Question particle; also expresses uncertainty or wonder.

それ

sore — That; refers to something previously mentioned.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.

経験

keiken — Experience; personal knowledge gained through practice.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; through; depending on something.

研ぎ澄まされ

togisumasa re — Sharpened; honed to a fine, keen edge.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

目

me — Eye; also used metaphorically for perception or sight.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

はっきり

hakkiri — Clearly; distinctly; without ambiguity.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

見える

mieru — To be visible; to appear; to seem.

常に

tsune ni — Always; constantly; at all times.

ぎりぎり

girigiri — Just barely; at the very limit or edge.

瀬戸際

setogiwa — The brink; critical moment; edge of a precipice.

いて

ite — Being (at); existing; present tense of 'iru'.

事業

jigyou — Business; enterprise; an undertaking or venture.

始めよう

hajimeyou — Let's start; volitional form of 'to begin'.

しながら

shinagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions.

借金

shakkin — Debt; money owed to another person.

から

kara — From; because; indicating origin or reason.

抜け出そう

nukedaso u — Let's escape from; try to get out of.

もがき

mogaki — Struggling; writhing; fighting desperately against difficulties.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words.

他人

tanin — Another person; a stranger; someone else.

真鍮

shinchuu — Brass; a yellow alloy of copper and zinc.

呼んだ

yonda — Called; named; referred to as something.

非常に

hijou ni — Extremely; very; to a great degree.

古い

furui — Old; ancient; not new or recent.

泥沼

doronuma — Muddy swamp; quagmire; a difficult entangled situation.

はまり込んで

hamarikonде — Sinking into; getting deeply stuck in something.

彼ら

karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

硬貨

kouka — Coin; metal currency used for transactions.

一部

ichibu — A part; a portion; one section of something.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or manner of action.

作られて

tsukurarете — Made of; constructed; produced from a material.

いた

ita — Was; existed; past continuous state of being.

だ

da — Is; informal copula asserting a state or identity.

それでも

soredemo — Even so; nevertheless; despite that circumstance.

なお

nao — Still; furthermore; even more so.

この

kono — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned.

生き

iki — Living; being alive; stem form of 'to live'.

死に

shini — Dying; death; stem form of 'to die'.

葬られ

houmurare — Buried; interred; laid to rest after death.

続けて

tsuzukete — Continuing; keeping on; doing something without stopping.

明日

ashita / myounichi — Tomorrow; the day after today.

払う

harau — To pay; to clear a debt or fee.

約束

yakusoku — Promise; agreement; commitment to do something.

し

shi — Doing; conjunctive stem of the verb 'to do'.

ながら

nagara — While; simultaneously; doing two things at once.

今日

kyou — Today; the current day.

支払い不能

shiharai funou — Insolvent; unable to make payments; state of bankruptcy.

まま

mama — As is; remaining in a state; without change.

死んで

shinde — Dying; te-form of 'to die'.

いく

iku — To go; indicates action progressing into the future.

どれほど

dorehodo — How much; to what degree; however great.

手段

shudan — Means; method; a way of achieving something.

ただし

tadashi — However; provided that; with the exception that.

刑務所送り

keimusho okuri — Being sent to prison; imprisonment as a consequence.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into something new.

よう

you — Like; such as; expressing resemblance or likelihood.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

犯罪

hanzai — Crime; an illegal act punishable by law.

だけ

dake — Only; just; nothing more than something.

除いて

nozoite — Excluding; except for; setting aside something.

取り入ろう

toriirо u — Let's ingratiate ourselves; try to gain favor.

得意客

tokuikyaku — Regular customer; valued patron; loyal client.

得よう

eyou — Let's obtain; try to gain or acquire something.

する

suru — To do; to perform; general action verb.

こと

koto — Thing; matter; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.

嘘

uso — Lie; falsehood; an untrue statement.

つき

tsuki — Telling (lies); attached to; stem of 'to tell'.

お世辞

oseji — Flattery; compliment; insincere praise to please someone.

言い

ii — Saying; speaking; stem form of 'to say'.

票

hyou — Vote; ballot; a formal expression of choice.

投じ

touji — Casting; throwing; submitting a vote or item.

礼儀

reigi — Etiquette; manners; proper social conduct.

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing definition or label.

殻

kara — Shell; husk; empty outer casing of something.

中

naka — Inside; within; the interior of something.

縮こまっ

chijikomatте — Shrinking; huddling up; contracting oneself nervously.

たり

tari — Doing things like; listing representative actions alternately.

薄っぺら

usuppera — Flimsy; shallow; superficially thin or trivial.

空虚

kuukyo — Emptiness; void; lacking substance or meaning.

寛大

kandai — Generosity; magnanimity; being broad-minded and tolerant.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; expresses degree or state.

雰囲気

fun'iki — Atmosphere; ambiance; the mood of a place.

膨らん

fukuran — Swelling; expanding; puffing up in size.

して

shite — Doing; te-form of suru connecting sequential actions.

近所

kinjo — Neighborhood; nearby area; the vicinity of one's home.

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; individual.

靴

kutsu — Shoes; footwear worn on the feet.

作ら

tsukura — Making; producing; causative stem of 'to make'.

せて

sete — Causing to; having someone do something (causative).

もらおう

moraо u — Let's have (someone do something) for us.

帽子

boushi — Hat; cap; head covering worn outdoors.

上着

uwagi — Jacket; coat; outer garment worn over clothing.

馬車

basha — Horse-drawn carriage; a vehicle pulled by horses.

あるいは

arui wa — Or; alternatively; possibly one thing or another.

食料品

shokuryouhin — Groceries; foodstuffs; items of food for purchase.

輸入

yunyuu — Import; bringing goods in from another country.

させて

sasete — Causing; making someone do something (causative te-form).

説得

settoku — Persuasion; convincing someone to do something.

しよう

shiyou — Let's do; volitional form expressing intent or suggestion.

病気

byouki — Illness; sickness; a state of being unwell.

かも

kamo — Maybe; perhaps; expressing possibility or conjecture.

しれ

shire — Might be; potential form used in 'kamoshirenai'.

ない

nai — Not; negative auxiliary indicating absence or negation.

日

hi / nichi — Day; sun; a period of twenty-four hours.

ため

tame — For; in order to; for the sake of.

何か

nanika — Something; anything; an unspecified thing or matter.

蓄えよう

takuwaeyou — Let's save up; accumulate reserves for the future.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; by one's own action.

箱

hako — Box; container; a rectangular receptacle for storage.

や

ya — And; or; listing particle connecting multiple items.

しっくい

shikkui — Plaster; mortar; white paste used in construction.

裏

ura — Back; reverse side; hidden or inner face.

靴下

kutsushita — Socks; stockings; clothing worn on the feet.

より

yori — Than; more than; compared to something else.

安全

anzen — Safe; secure; free from danger or risk.

レンガ造り

renga zukuri — Brick-built; constructed with brick material.

銀行

ginkou — Bank; financial institution for deposits and loans.

しまい込もう

shimaikomo u — Let's stow away; hide something securely for safekeeping.

どこ

doko — Where; what place; an interrogative of location.

あれ

are — That (over there); refers to something distant.

多かれ

ookare — More or less (used in set phrase 多かれ少なかれ).

少なかれ

sukunakare — Less or more; used in phrase meaning 'to varying degrees'.

構わ

kamawa — Not mind; not care; indifferent to something.

ときどき

tokidoki — Sometimes; occasionally; from time to time.

呼ばれる

yobareru — To be called; to be referred to by a name.

粗野

soya — Crude; coarse; lacking refinement or sophistication.

ある

aru — To exist; there is; also used as an adjective modifier.

どこか

dokoka — Somewhere; some place; an unspecified location.

他人事

hitoigoto / tanin goto — Someone else's affair; not one's own concern.

隷属

reizoku — Subjugation; servitude; being subordinate to another's control.

形態

keitai — Form; shape; mode; a type or pattern of structure.

向ける

mukeru — To direct toward; to turn attention or gaze.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; about; approximately.

私たち

watashitachi — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.

それほど

sorehodo — That much; to that extent; so greatly.

軽薄

keihaku — Frivolous; shallow; lacking seriousness or depth.

なれる

nareru — Can become; potential form of 'to become'.

もの

mono — Thing; person; something; nominalizer expressing expectation.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; mostly; nearly all of something.

そう

sou — So; like that; expressing agreement or appearance.

たく

taku — Want to (negative: do not want to do).

不思議

fushigi — Strange; mysterious; wonderfully puzzling or curious.

思う

omou — To think; to feel; to consider something.

南北

nanboku — North and south; referring to two opposing directions.

どちら

dochira — Which one; either of two options; polite 'where'.

も

mo — Also; too; both; inclusive particle adding items.

奴隷

dorei — Slave; a person owned and controlled by another.

鋭く

surudoku — Sharply; keenly; in a piercing or acute manner.

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting verbs and adjectives.

巧妙

koumyou — Clever; skillful; ingeniously devised or executed.

主人

shujin — Master; husband; owner; person in a position of authority.

あまりにも

amari ni mo — Too much; excessively; far beyond a reasonable degree.

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; the state of existing in reality.