Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 7

Vocabulary

É

eh — Third person singular present tense of 'to be'

muito

MOO-ee-too — Very; a lot; much

evidente

eh-vee-DEN-chee — Evident; obvious; clearly apparent

que

keh — That; which; a subordinating conjunction

vida

VEE-dah — Life; one's existence or way of living

mesquinha

mes-KEEN-yah — Mean; petty; stingy; of narrow character

e

ee — And; a coordinating conjunction

sorrateira

soh-hah-TAY-rah — Sneaky; sly; done in a stealthy manner

muitos

MOO-ee-toosh — Many; a large number of people or things

de

jee — Of; from; a preposition indicating origin or belonging

vós

vohsh — You (plural, formal archaic second person pronoun)

levais

leh-VAIS — You (plural) lead or carry; conduct a life

pois

poish — Because; since; for; a causal conjunction

minha

MEEN-yah — My; first person singular feminine possessive pronoun

visão

vee-ZOWN — Vision; sight; perception or insight into something

foi

foy — Was; went; third person singular preterite of 'ser/ir'

aguçada

ah-goo-SAH-dah — Sharpened; honed; made keener or more acute

pela

PEH-lah — By the; contraction of 'por' and 'a'

experiência

eks-peh-ree-EN-see-ah — Experience; knowledge or skill gained over time

sempre

SEM-preh — Always; at all times; constantly

nos

noosh — Us; ourselves; first person plural object pronoun

limites

lee-MEE-cheesh — Limits; boundaries; edges of a defined space

tentando

ten-TAN-doo — Trying; attempting; gerund of 'tentar'

entrar

en-TRAR — To enter; to go or come into a place

negócios

neh-GOH-see-oosh — Business; commerce; dealings or transactions

sair

sah-EER — To leave; to go out; to exit a place

das

dahsh — Of the (feminine plural); contraction of 'de' and 'as'

dívidas

JEE-vee-dahsh — Debts; amounts of money owed to others

um

oom — A; an; the number one; indefinite article masculine

lodaçal

loh-dah-SAL — Muddy swamp; quagmire; boggy entangling ground

antigo

an-CHEE-goo — Ancient; old; from a former time

chamado

shah-MAH-doo — Called; named; referred to as something

pelos

PEH-loosh — By the (masculine plural); contraction of 'por' and 'os'

latinos

lah-CHEE-noosh — Latins; people of ancient Rome or Latin culture

o

oo — The; masculine singular definite article

bronze

BRON-zeh — Bronze; a metal alloy of copper and tin

alheio

al-YAY-oo — Foreign; belonging to another; not one's own

algumas

al-GOO-mahsh — Some; a few; certain feminine plural things

suas

SOO-ahsh — Their; his; her; feminine plural possessive pronoun

moedas

moo-EH-dahsh — Coins; pieces of metal currency used in transactions

eram

EH-rahn — Were; third person plural imperfect of 'ser'

feitas

FAY-tahsh — Made; done; feminine plural past participle of 'fazer'

ainda

ah-EEN-dah — Still; yet; even; indicating continuity or addition

vivendo

vee-VEN-doo — Living; residing; gerund of 'viver'

morrendo

moh-HEN-doo — Dying; in the process of death; gerund of 'morrer'

sendo

SEN-doo — Being; gerund of 'ser'; existing in a state

enterrados

en-teh-HAH-doosh — Buried; interred in the ground after death

pelo

PEH-loo — By the; contraction of 'por' and 'o'

prometendo

proh-meh-TEN-doo — Promising; making a pledge; gerund of 'prometer'

pagar

pah-GAR — To pay; to settle a debt or bill

amanhã

ah-mah-NYAH — Tomorrow; the day following today

hoje

OH-zheh — Today; on this present day

insolventes

een-sol-VEN-cheesh — Insolvent; unable to pay one's debts

buscando

boos-KAN-doo — Seeking; looking for; gerund of 'buscar'

angariar

an-gah-ree-AR — To gather; to obtain; to win over support

favores

fah-VOH-reesh — Favors; acts of kindness or assistance given

conseguir

kon-seh-GHEER — To manage to; to achieve; to obtain something

clientela

klee-en-TEH-lah — Clientele; a base of regular customers or clients

por

por — By; for; through; a versatile Portuguese preposition

quantos

KWAN-toosh — How many; as many as; interrogative or relative pronoun

modos

MOH-doosh — Ways; manners; methods of doing something

apenas

ah-PEH-nahsh — Only; just; merely; nothing more than

não

nown — No; not; negation particle in Portuguese

os

oosh — The (masculine plural); masculine plural definite article

constituem

kon-stee-TOO-en — Constitute; make up; form; they constitute something

crimes

KREE-meesh — Crimes; illegal acts punishable by law

puníveis

poo-NEE-vaysh — Punishable; liable to legal punishment or penalty

com

kon — With; accompanied by; a Portuguese preposition

prisão

pree-ZOWN — Prison; jail; imprisonment as legal punishment

mentindo

men-CHEEN-doo — Lying; telling falsehoods; gerund of 'mentir'

lisonjeando

lee-zon-zhee-AN-doo — Flattering; complimenting insincerely; gerund of 'lisonjear'

votando

voh-TAN-doo — Voting; casting a ballot; gerund of 'votar'

à

ah — To the (feminine); contraction of 'a' and 'a'

casca

KAH-skah — Shell; husk; outer covering of a nut or fruit

noz

nohsh — Walnut; a hard-shelled edible nut

da

dah — Of the (feminine singular); contraction of 'de' and 'a'

civilidade

see-vee-lee-DAH-jee — Civility; politeness; courteous social behavior

ou

oh — Or; a coordinating disjunctive conjunction

numa

NOO-mah — In a; contraction of 'em' and 'uma'

atmosfera

at-mohs-FEH-rah — Atmosphere; surrounding air or prevailing mood

generosidade

zheh-neh-roh-zee-DAH-jee — Generosity; willingness to give freely to others

rala

HAH-lah — Thin; sparse; watery; lacking substance or density

vaporosa

vah-poh-ROH-zah — Vaporous; misty; airy and lacking solid substance

para

PAH-rah — For; to; in order to; a Portuguese preposition

persuadir

pehr-swah-JEER — To persuade; to convince someone of something

vosso

VOH-soo — Your (plural formal); second person plural possessive pronoun

vizinho

vee-ZEEN-yoo — Neighbor; someone living nearby or next door

a

ah — To; the (feminine singular); preposition or article

fazer

fah-ZEHR — To make; to do; a fundamental Portuguese verb

seus

SAY-oosh — His; her; your; their (masculine plural possessive)

sapatos

sah-PAH-toosh — Shoes; footwear worn on the feet

seu

SAY-oo — His; her; your; their (masculine singular possessive)

chapéu

shah-PEH-oo — Hat; a covering worn on the head

casaco

kah-ZAH-koo — Coat; jacket; an outer garment worn over clothes

sua

SOO-ah — His; her; your; their (feminine singular possessive)

carruagem

kah-hoo-AH-zhen — Carriage; a horse-drawn wheeled vehicle for passengers

importar

eem-por-TAR — To import; to matter; to bring goods from abroad

compras

KOM-prahsh — Purchases; shopping; things bought at a store

ele

EH-lee — He; him; third person masculine singular pronoun

possais

poh-SAIS — May you (plural); present subjunctive of 'poder'

guardar

gwar-DAR — To keep; to save; to store something safely away

algo

AL-goo — Something; anything; an indefinite pronoun

contra

KON-trah — Against; in opposition to; a preposition

dia

Day; a 24-hour period of time

doença

doo-EN-sah — Disease; illness; a sickness affecting health

ser

sehr — To be; infinitive indicating permanent states or identity

enfiado

en-fee-AH-doo — Stuffed; shoved; inserted tightly into something

num

noon — In a; contraction of 'em' and 'um'

velho

VEH-lyoo — Old; aged; an elderly person or worn object

baú

bah-OO — Trunk; chest; a large box for storing belongings

meia

MAY-ah — Sock; stocking; half; a knitted foot covering

atrás

ah-TRASH — Behind; in the back; at the rear of something

do

doo — Of the (masculine singular); contraction of 'de' and 'o'

reboco

heh-BOH-koo — Plaster; render; coating applied to walls

mais

maish — More; most; additionally; a comparative adverb

segurança

seh-goo-RAN-sah — Safety; security; protection from danger or risk

no

noo — In the (masculine singular); contraction of 'em' and 'o'

banco

BAN-koo — Bank; bench; a financial institution or seat

tijolos

chee-ZHOH-loosh — Bricks; rectangular blocks used for building construction

importa

eem-POR-tah — It matters; it is important; third person of 'importar'

onde

ON-jee — Where; in what place; a relative or interrogative adverb

quanto

KWAN-too — How much; as much as; interrogative or relative pronoun

quão

kwown — How; to what degree; an intensifying adverb

pouco

POH-koo — Little; few; a small amount of something

Às

ahsh — To the (feminine plural); contraction of 'a' and 'as'

vezes

VEH-zeesh — Times; occasions; instances of something occurring

me

meh — Me; myself; first person singular object pronoun

admira

ad-MEE-rah — Amazes; surprises; third person singular of 'admirar'

possamos

poh-SAH-moosh — We can; we may; present subjunctive of 'poder'

tão

town — So; such; as; an intensifying adverb

frí­volos

FREE-voh-loosh — Frivolous; trivial; lacking seriousness or purpose

quase

KWAH-zee — Almost; nearly; not quite reaching something

ousaria

oh-zah-REE-ah — Would dare; conditional tense of 'ousar'

dizer

jee-ZEHR — To say; to tell; to express something verbally

ponto

PON-too — Point; dot; degree; a specific spot or level

ocuparmos

oh-koo-PAR-moosh — Us occupying; us engaging in; infinitive with pronoun

forma

FOR-mah — Form; way; manner; shape of something

grosseira

groh-SAY-rah — Coarse; rude; crude; lacking refinement or delicacy

mas

mahsh — But; however; a contrastive coordinating conjunction

certo

SEHR-too — Certain; sure; a particular; in a certain way

modo

MOH-doo — Way; manner; mode; method of doing something

alheia

al-YAY-ah — Foreign; another's; not belonging to oneself (feminine)

servidão

sehr-vee-DOWN — Servitude; bondage; state of being enslaved or subjugated

chamada

shah-MAH-dah — Called; named; referred to as (feminine form)

Escravidão

esh-krah-vee-DOWN — Slavery; the institution of owning people as property

Negra

NEH-grah — Black (feminine); referring to Black people or identity

quando

KWAN-doo — When; at the time that; a temporal conjunction

há

ah — There is; there are; third person of 'haver'

tantos

TAN-toosh — So many; as many; masculine plural of 'tanto'

senhores

sen-YOH-reesh — Masters; lords; gentlemen; men with power over others

astutos

ash-TOO-toosh — Astute; cunning; clever in a crafty manner

sutis

soo-CHEESH — Subtle; delicate; not obvious; hard to detect

escravizam

esh-krah-VEE-zown — Enslave; they subjugate people; deprive of freedom

tanto

TAN-too — So much; as much; to such a degree

norte

NOR-chee — North; the cardinal direction opposite to south

sul

sool — South; the cardinal direction opposite to north