War and Peace — Page 7

Vocabulary

Sa

He/she knows; third person singular of sapere

che

That, which, who; common conjunction and pronoun

sono

I am, or they are; form of essere

insoddisfatta

Unsatisfied, dissatisfied; feminine adjective

di

Of, from; very common Italian preposition

suo

His, her, its; possessive adjective third person

figlio

Son, child; male offspring

minore

Younger, lesser, minor; comparative adjective

Fra

Between, among, within; preposition indicating relationship

noi

We, us; first person plural pronoun

e

And; basic coordinating conjunction

il

The; masculine singular definite article

viso

Face; the front part of the head

assunse

Assumed, took on; past tense of assumere

un'

A, an; feminine indefinite article before vowel

espressione

Expression; look or appearance on one's face

malinconica

Melancholic, sad; feminine adjective describing gloom

è

Is; third person singular of essere

stato

Been, state; past participle of essere

menzionato

Mentioned; past participle of menzionare

a

At, to; common Italian preposition

corte

Court; royal or judicial assembly

Sua

His, her, Your; formal possessive adjective

Maestà

Majesty; honorific title for royalty

lei

She, her, You; third person or formal pronoun

compianto

Lamented, mourned; adjective meaning deeply regretted

Il

The; masculine singular definite article

principe

Prince; male member of royal family

non

Not; basic Italian negation word

rispose

Answered, replied; past tense of rispondere

nulla

Nothing; pronoun meaning not anything

ma

But; coordinating conjunction showing contrast

lo

Him, it; masculine direct object pronoun

guardò

Looked at; past tense of guardare

in

In, into; common Italian preposition

modo

Way, manner; how something is done

significativo

Meaningful, significant; conveying important meaning

aspettando

Waiting, expecting; gerund of aspettare

una

A, an; feminine indefinite article

risposta

Answer, reply; response to a question

Lui

He; masculine third person subject pronoun

aggrottò

Furrowed, knitted; past tense of aggrottare

le

The, her; feminine plural article or pronoun

sopracciglia

Eyebrows; plural of sopracciglio

Cosa

What, thing; interrogative pronoun or noun

vorreste

Would you want; conditional of volere, plural

facessi

That I do; imperfect subjunctive of fare

disse

Said; past tense of dire

alla

At the, to the; feminine contraction a + la

fine

End, finally; conclusion or finish

Sapete

You know; second person plural of sapere

ho

I have; first person singular of avere

fatto

Done, made; past participle of fare

tutto

Everything, all; pronoun or adjective of totality

ciò

That, this; demonstrative pronoun for things

un

A, an; masculine indefinite article

padre

Father; male parent

poteva

Could, was able; imperfect of potere

fare

To do, to make; common Italian infinitive

per

For, through, in order to; preposition

la

The, her; feminine singular article or pronoun

loro

Their, them, they; third person plural pronoun

istruzione

Education, instruction; process of formal learning

ed

And; variant of e before vowels

entrambi

Both; referring to two people or things

risultati

Turned out, resulted; plural past participle of risultare

essere

To be; fundamental Italian infinitive verb

degli

Of the, some; partitive masculine plural contraction

sciocchi

Fools, silly people; plural of sciocco

almeno

At least; limiting adverb indicating minimum

uno

One, a; masculine number or article

sciocco

Fool, silly; stupid or foolish person

tranquillo

Quiet, calm; peaceful and undisturbed adjective

attivo

Active; lively and energetic adjective

Questa

This; feminine singular demonstrative adjective

l'

The; elided form of article before vowel

unica

Only, unique; feminine adjective meaning sole

differenza

Difference; distinction between two things

tra

Between, among; preposition indicating position

Disse

Said; past tense of dire

questo

This; masculine singular demonstrative pronoun

sorridendo

Smiling; gerund of sorridere

più

More, most; comparative or superlative adverb

naturale

Natural; adjective meaning not forced or artificial

vivace

Lively, vivacious; full of energy adjective

del

Of the; masculine singular contraction di + il

solito

Usual; adjective meaning customary or habitual

così

So, thus; adverb indicating manner or degree

rughe

Wrinkles; lines on skin from age or expression

intorno

Around; preposition or adverb of surrounding

sua

His, her, its; feminine possessive adjective

bocca

Mouth; the opening in the face for eating

rivelarono

Revealed; third person plural past of rivelare

molto

Very, much; adverb or adjective of quantity

chiaramente

Clearly; adverb meaning in a clear manner

qualcosa

Something; indefinite pronoun for unspecified thing

inaspettatamente

Unexpectedly; adverb meaning in a surprising way

rozzo

Coarse, crude, rough; unrefined adjective

sgradevole

Unpleasant, disagreeable; adjective meaning not pleasant

E

And; basic coordinating conjunction

perché

Why, because; interrogative or causal conjunction

nascono

Are born; third person plural of nascere

figli

Sons, children; plural of figlio

uomini

Men; plural of uomo

come

Like, as, how; comparison or interrogative word

voi

You; second person plural subject pronoun

Se

If; conditional conjunction

foste

You were; second person plural imperfect subjunctive essere

ci

There, us, ourselves; particle or reflexive pronoun

sarebbe

Would be; conditional of essere

cui

Whom, which; relative pronoun used with prepositions

potrei

I could; first person conditional of potere

rimproverarvi

To reproach you; infinitive of rimproverare with pronoun

alzando

Raising, lifting; gerund of alzare

sguardo

Glance, gaze; the act of looking at something

pensierosa

Thoughtful, pensive; feminine adjective meaning deep in thought

Sono

I am, they are; present tense of essere

vostro

Your; second person plural possessive adjective

fedele

Faithful, loyal; adjective meaning devoted and true

schiavo

Slave; a person in complete servitude to another

solo

Only, alone; adjective or adverb of exclusivity

posso

I can; first person singular of potere

confessare

To confess; to admit or reveal something personal

i

The; masculine plural definite article

miei

My; masculine plural possessive adjective

flagello

Scourge, plague; source of great suffering or torment

mia

My; feminine singular possessive adjective

vita

Life; the existence of a living person

È

Is; third person singular present of essere

croce

Cross; burden one must bear or suffer

devo

I must, I have to; first person of dovere

portare

To carry, to bring, to bear; common Italian infinitive

me

Me; first person singular disjunctive pronoun

spiego

I explain; first person singular of spiegare

Non

Not; standard Italian negation particle

si

Oneself, one; reflexive or impersonal pronoun

può

Can, one can; third person singular of potere

altro

Other, else, another; adjective or pronoun

espresse

Expressed; past tense of esprimere

rassegnazione

Resignation; acceptance of something unpleasant or inevitable

al

At the, to the; masculine contraction a + il

crudele

Cruel; causing pain or suffering without mercy

destino

Destiny, fate; one's predetermined course of life

con

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

gesto

Gesture; a movement of body expressing feeling

meditò

Meditated, pondered; past tense of meditare

avete

You have; second person plural of avere

mai

Ever, never; adverb used in questions or negations

pensato

Thought; past participle of pensare

far

To make, to have; shortened infinitive of fare

sposare

To marry; to wed someone

prodigo

Prodigal, wasteful; one who spends recklessly

chiese

Asked; past tense of chiedere