War and Peace — Page 3

Vocabulary

それで

sorede — And so; therefore; used to continue a thought.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns.

急使

kyūshi — Express messenger; urgent envoy carrying important news.

について

ni tsuite — Regarding; concerning; about a topic or subject.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence's subject.

どう

dō — How; in what way; used to ask about manner.

決まった

kimatta — Was decided; settled; past tense of 決まる.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'am' or 'are'.

か

ka — Question particle placed at end of a sentence.

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun in Japanese.

すべて

subete — All; everything; the entirety of something.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

ご存知

gozonji — Honorific form of 'to know'; respectfully aware of.

でしょう

deshō — Probably; I suppose; polite conjecture or supposition.

何

nani / nan — What; interrogative pronoun asking about things.

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying who performs action.

言え

ie — Can say; potential/imperative form of 言う (to say).

ましょう

mashō — Let's; volitional polite ending suggesting shared action.

と

to — Quotation particle or conjunctive meaning 'and' or 'with'.

公爵

kōshaku — Duke; a high-ranking member of the nobility.

冷たく

tsumetaku — Coldly; in an emotionally distant or cool manner.

気

ki — Spirit; mood; feeling; energy; mind or attention.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not; is not present.

口調

kuchō — Tone of voice; manner of speaking or expression.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

答え

kotae — Answer; reply; response to a question or statement.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending in Japanese.

退路

taiро / tairo — Retreat route; path of withdrawal from a battle.

断った

kittatta / tatta — Cut off; severed; blocked (retreat route), past tense.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting events sequentially.

私たち

watashitachi — We; us; first-person plural pronoun in Japanese.

も

mo — Also; too; particle indicating inclusion or addition.

断つ

tatsu — To sever; cut off; break off completely something.

覚悟

kakugo — Resolve; preparedness; mental readiness for consequences.

でき

deki — Can do; be able to; stem of できる (dekiru).

て

te — Te-form connective; links verbs or indicates ongoing action.

いる

iru — To be; to exist; indicates ongoing state or action.

思い

omoi — Thought; feeling; belief; stem form of 思う.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating present or future tense.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle asserting or emphasizing information.

いつも

itsumo — Always; all the time; habitually doing something.

使い古し

tsukaifurushi — Worn-out; used up; something overused and tired.

台詞

serifu — Line; scripted dialogue spoken by an actor or character.

繰り返す

kurikaesu — To repeat; to do something over and over again.

俳優

haiyū — Actor; performer who plays roles on stage or film.

よう

yō — Like; resembling; appearance of; seems like something.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, location, or purpose.

気だるそう

kidarusō — Looking languid; appearing sluggish or wearily disinterested.

話し

hanashi — Talk; speech; story; stem form of 話す (to speak).

一方

ippō — On the other hand; meanwhile; one side or direction.

四十

yonjū — Forty; the number 40 in Japanese counting.

歳

sai — Years old; counter for a person's age.

かかわらず

kakawarazu — Despite; regardless of; notwithstanding a condition.

活気

kakki — Vitality; liveliness; energetic and lively quality.

衝動

shōdō — Impulse; sudden urge; instinctive drive to act.

あふれ

afure — Overflowing; brimming over; stem of あふれる.

い

i — Connective form of いる; indicates ongoing state.

熱狂家

nekkyōka — Enthusiast; fanatic; person filled with passionate enthusiasm.

ある

aru — To be; to exist; used for inanimate things.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; third-person feminine pronoun in Japanese.

社交

shakō — Social intercourse; socializing; relating to social life.

上

ue / jō — Above; on top of; regarding; in terms of.

使命

shimei — Mission; duty; a calling or important assigned role.

なって

natte — Having become; te-form of なる (to become).

おり

ori — Humble form of いる; being; existing (humble register).

乗ら

nora — Not riding; not joining in; negative stem of 乗る.

とき

toki — Time; moment; when a particular situation occurs.

さえ

sae — Even; as long as; particle emphasizing extreme cases.

自分

jibun — Oneself; myself; yourself; reflexive pronoun in Japanese.

知る

shiru — To know; to become aware of; to learn.

人々

hitobito — People; folks; various people in a group.

期待

kitai — Expectation; anticipation; hoping for a certain outcome.

裏切ら

uragira — Betraying; letting down; stem of 裏切る (to betray).

ため

tame — For the sake of; in order to; purpose or cause.

熱狂的

nekkyōteki — Enthusiastic; fanatical; wildly passionate about something.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle used with な-adjectives.

振る舞い

furumai — Behavior; conduct; manner of acting in social situations.

する

suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb.

あっ

a' — Ah; oh; interjection expressing sudden realization or surprise.

色あせ

iroase — Faded color; pallid; having lost original brightness or vibrancy.

顔立ち

kaodachi — Facial features; the overall look or structure of one's face.

似合わ

niawa — Not suiting; not becoming; negative stem of 似合う.

ながら

nagara — While; even though; doing two things simultaneously.

常に

tsuneni — Always; constantly; at all times without exception.

その

sono — That; the; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

唇

kuchibiru — Lips; the fleshy parts surrounding the mouth.

周り

mawari — Around; surrounding area; vicinity of something or someone.

漂う

tadayou — To drift; to hover; to float gently around something.

控えめ

hikaeme — Modest; restrained; reserved in manner or expression.

微笑み

hohoemi — Smile; a gentle, soft smile on one's face.

甘やかさ

amayakasa — Sweetness; indulgence; quality of being pampered or spoiled.

れ

re — Passive or potential verb suffix in Japanese grammar.

子供

kodomo — Child; children; young person not yet an adult.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; by one's own initiative or action.

愛らしい

airashii — Adorable; charming; endearingly cute or lovable in appearance.

欠点

ketten — Fault; defect; shortcoming or weakness in a person.

へ

e — Direction particle indicating movement toward a destination.

絶え間ない

taema nai — Ceaseless; uninterrupted; continuing without any pause or break.

自覚

jikaku — Self-awareness; consciousness of one's own state or faults.

表し

arawashi — Expressing; showing; stem of 表す (to express, show).

直そう

naosō — Let's fix; volitional form of 直す (to correct, fix).

思わ

omowa — Think; negative or conditional stem of 思う (to think).

ず

zu — Negative verb ending; without doing; classical negation form.

直せ

naose — Fix it; imperative or potential stem of 直す.

せず

sezu — Without doing; negative te-form of する (to do).

直す

naosu — To fix; to correct; to repair something broken or wrong.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; needed; essential requirement for something.

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; thinking; stem of 考える (to think).

なかっ

nakatt- — Did not; past negative stem of ない (not).

政治

seiji — Politics; government; political affairs or governance.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-ic' or '-al'; forms adjectives from nouns.

話題

wadai — Topic; subject of conversation; current talking point.

最中

saichū — In the middle of; right in the midst of something.

突然

totsuzen — Suddenly; all of a sudden; without any prior warning.

こう

kō — Like this; in this way; thus; referring to near manner.

叫ん

sakеn — Shouted; cried out; stem of 叫ぶ (to shout, cry).

だ

da — Plain form copula meaning 'is' or 'am' in Japanese.

ああ

ā — Oh; ah; interjection expressing emotion or realization.

話

hanashi — Talk; story; conversation; subject being discussed.

しない

shinai — Do not do; negative form of する (to do).

ください

kudasai — Please (give me / do); polite request form in Japanese.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun in Japanese.

物事

monogoto — Things; matters; affairs; things in general around us.

わから

wakara — Not understand; negative stem of わかる (to understand).

しれ

shire — Might be; potential stem of 知れる; used in かもしれない.

ませ

mase — Polite imperative or negative auxiliary verb component.

ん

n — Colloquial negative or explanatory sentence-final particle.

戦争

sensō — War; armed conflict between nations or groups.

望ん

nozon — Wished; desired; stem of 望む (to wish, desire).

なく

naku — Without; not having; connective negative form of ない.

今

ima — Now; at this moment; the current time.

あの

ano — That (over there); demonstrative adjective for distant things.

国

kuni — Country; nation; land; state as a political entity.

裏切っ

uragitt- — Betrayed; past stem of 裏切る (to betray, double-cross).

だけ

dake — Only; just; nothing but; limiting particle in Japanese.

救わ

sukuwa — Save; rescue; negative or passive stem of 救う.

なけれ

nakere — Must; conditional negative stem used in なければならない.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when' in Japanese.

なり

nari — Become; must become; stem form of なる or auxiliary.

我ら

warera — We; us; archaic or formal first-person plural pronoun.

慈悲深い

jihibukai — Merciful; compassionate; deeply kind-hearted and benevolent.

皇帝

kōtei — Emperor; supreme ruler of an empire.

陛下

heika — His/Her Majesty; honorific title for a monarch.

崇高

sūkō — Sublime; lofty; noble and elevated in character.

ご認識

goninshiki — Honorific recognition; respectful awareness or understanding.

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned.

忠実

chūjitsu — Faithful; loyal; devoted and true to someone or duty.

あり

ari — Being; existing; stem of ある used in formal contexts.

続ける

tsuzukeru — To continue; to keep doing something without stopping.

信じる

shinjiru — To believe; to trust; to have faith in something.

もの

mono — Thing; person; one who; nominalizing expression in Japanese.

善良

zenryō — Good-natured; virtuous; having an upright moral character.

素晴らしい

subarashii — Wonderful; splendid; magnificent; exceptionally great or impressive.

地上

chijō — On earth; above ground; in the world of the living.

最も

mottomo — Most; the highest degree; superlative adverb in Japanese.

役割

yakuwari — Role; part; function assigned to a person or thing.

果たさ

hatasa — Fulfill; carry out; negative stem of 果たす (to fulfill).

あまり

amari — Too much; so much that; excessively; overly so.

徳

toku — Virtue; moral excellence; inner goodness and ethical quality.

高く

takaku — Highly; at a high level; adverbial form of 高い.

気高い

kedakai — Noble; dignified; having an air of lofty distinction.

お方

okata — Honorable person; respectful way of referring to someone.

から

kara — From; because; since; particle indicating origin or reason.

神

kami — God; deity; divine spirit in Japanese religious tradition.

見捨てる

misuteru — To abandon; to forsake; to desert someone in need.