War and Peace — Page 4

Vocabulary

သူသည်

thu. hti. — He/she is; subject marker for third person

သူ၏

thu. i. — His or her; third person possessive pronoun

တာဝန်ကို

ta-wan ko — Duty or responsibility; object marker attached

ပြည့်မီ

pyi. mi — To fulfill or meet a standard or requirement

စေပြီး

se: pyi: — Causing or making something happen, then continuing

တော်လှန်ရေး

taw-hlan-ye: — Revolution; uprising against an established order

၏

i. — Possessive or linking particle in formal writing

နဂါးကြီး

na-ga: ji: — Great dragon; a large mythical serpent creature

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; indicates direct object

ချေမှုန်း

hce:-hmun: — To crush, annihilate, or completely destroy something

လိမ့်မည်

lain. myi. — Will certainly happen; expresses inevitable future outcome

ထို

hto — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to distant thing

သည်

hti. — Topic or subject marker particle in Burmese sentences

ဤ

i — This; formal demonstrative pronoun for nearby thing

သတ်သမား

that-tha-ma: — Killer or murderer; one who kills people

နှင့်

hnin. — And; with; conjunction connecting nouns or phrases

လူဆိုး

lu-zo: — Bad person; villain or evildoer in society

ကြီး

ji: — Big, great, or large; common adjective of size

ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ

ko-khan-da — Physical body; the human body as a whole

တွင်

twín — In, at, within; locative particle indicating location

ယခင်က

ya-kin ga — Previously, formerly; referring to a past time

ထက်

htat — Than; comparative particle used in comparisons

ပို

po — More; indicates greater degree in comparisons

၍

ywe. — Therefore, so; formal connective or causal particle

ကြောက်မက်

kyout-mat — Terrifying, dreadful; inspiring great fear in others

ဖွယ်ကောင်း

phwe-kaun: — Worthy of; deserving of a certain feeling or action

လာ

la — To come; also marks action moving toward speaker

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

canu-do. — We; first person plural formal pronoun in Burmese

သာလျှင်

tha-hlyin — Only, solely; restrictive particle emphasizing exclusivity

တရားသော

ta-ya: thaw — Righteous, just, or lawful; morally correct behavior

သူ

thu. — He, she, or they; third person pronoun in Burmese

အသွေး

a-thwe: — Blood; the red fluid in living bodies

အစား

a-za: — Instead of; in place of; replacement or substitute

အမြောက်

a-myout — Cannon; a large heavy artillery weapon

ယူ

yu — To take or bring; to receive or obtain something

ရ

ya — To obtain or get; also marks possibility or completion

မည်

myi. — Will; future tense marker in Burmese sentences

မည်သူ

myi.-thu. — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person

ကျွန်ုပ်

canu. — I; formal first person singular pronoun in Burmese

မေးချင်

me:-chin — Want to ask; desire to pose a question

မှာ

hma — At, in, on; locative particle or ordering marker

မှီခို

hmi-kho — To depend on or rely upon someone or something

နိုင်

nain — Can, able to; indicates ability or possibility

နည်း

nyi: — Method, way; how to do something; also means few

ကုန်သွယ်ရေး

kun-thwe-ye: — Trade or commerce; buying and selling between parties

စိတ်ဓာတ်

set-dat — Spirit, morale, or mental attitude of a person

ဖြင့်

hpyin. — With, by means of; instrumental or manner particle

ဆောင်ရွက်

hsaung-ywet — To carry out, perform, or execute a task

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; that which, who, or which

အင်္ဂလန်

in-ga-lan — England; country in the United Kingdom of Britain

ဧကရာဇ်

e-ka-yat — Emperor; supreme ruler of an empire or kingdom

ဝိညာဉ်ရေးရာ

win-nyan-ye:-ya — Spiritual matters; relating to the soul or spirituality

မြင့်မြတ်

myin.-myat — Noble, exalted, or sublime; of high moral standing

မှု

hmu — Nominalizing suffix; turns verbs into abstract nouns

နားလည်

na:-lyi. — To understand; to comprehend meaning or information

မဟုတ်

ma-hout — Is not; negation of a state or identity

သလို

tha-lo — Like, as if; comparative or simile particle

လည်း

lyi: — Also, too, as well; additive particle in sentences

ပေ

pe — Emphatic or assertive particle used at sentence end

သူမ

thu.-ma — She; third person feminine singular pronoun

ဖယ်ရှား

hpe-sha: — To remove, eliminate, or get rid of something

ရန်

yan — In order to; purpose particle; also means enemy

ငြင်းဆန်

hnyin:-hsan — To refuse, reject, or deny a request or claim

ခဲ့

hkhe. — Past tense marker; indicates completed or past action

လုပ်ရပ်

lout-yat — Action, deed, or conduct; something done by someone

များ

mya: — Plural marker; many, several, a lot of

လျှို့ဝှက်

hlyo-hwet — Secret or secretive; hidden from general knowledge

ရည်ရွယ်ချက်

yi-ywe-hcet — Intention, purpose, or aim behind an action

တစ်ခု

ta-hku — One thing; indefinite article equivalent for objects

ခု

hku — General counter for objects; now; this moment

ရှာဖွေ

sha-phwe — To search, seek out, or look for something

လိုခဲ့

lo-hkhe. — Needed or wanted in the past; past desire

ပြီး

pyi: — After completing; done; already finished an action

ယခု

ya-ku — Now, currently, at this present moment in time

တိုင်

tain — Until, up to; also a pillar or post noun

ရှာ

sha — To look for or search; to find or seek

နေ

ne — To stay, live; continuous aspect marker in sentences

ဆဲ

hse: — Still, yet; ongoing action still in progress

ဖြစ်

hpyit — To be, become, or happen; general existential verb

မည်သည့်

myi.-hti. — Whatever, whichever; indefinite relative pronoun modifier

အဖြေ

a-phye — Answer, solution, or response to a question

ရရှိ

ya-shi — To obtain, receive, or acquire something successfully

သ

tha — Particle marking completed experience or realization

ဘာ

ba — What; interrogative pronoun asking about things

မျှ

hmya. — Only, as much as; equalizing or limiting particle

မ

ma — Negative prefix; negates verbs or adjectives in sentences

အင်္ဂလိပ်

in-ga-lit — English; relating to England, its language or people

တို့

do. — Plural marker for pronouns and nouns in Burmese

မိမိ

mi-mi — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject

အတွက်

a-twet — For the sake of; for a purpose or beneficiary

လိုလား

lo-la: — To want, desire, or wish for something earnestly

ဘဲ

be: — Without doing; negative adverbial particle in clauses

လူသား

lu-tha: — Human being, humanity; mankind as a whole

ကောင်းကျိုး

kaun:-jo: — Benefit, welfare, or good outcome for someone

သာ

tha — Only, just; restrictive or emphatic sentence particle

ဆန္ဒ

sanda — Wish, desire, or will; one's aspirations or wants

ပြု

pyu — To do, make, or perform an action formally

ကိုယ်

ko — Body; self; oneself; informal first person pronoun

စွန့်လွှတ်

sun-hlut — To sacrifice, give up, or relinquish something willingly

ခြင်း

chin: — Nominalizing suffix turning verbs into abstract gerunds

မရှိ

ma-shi — Does not exist; there is none; nonexistent

တော့

taw. — Particle indicating a shift, contrast, or mild emphasis

သူတို့

thu.-do. — They or them; third person plural pronoun

ကတိပြု

ka-ti pyu — To promise or make a vow to someone formally

သည့်

hti. — Relative clause marker in attributive position before nouns

အနည်း

a-nyi: — A few, a little; small in quantity or number

ငယ်

ngwe. — Small, young, or junior; smaller of two things

ပင်

pin — Even, indeed; emphatic particle for stress or surprise

အောင်မြင်

aung-myin — To succeed or achieve; to be victorious or triumphant

ပျက်နိုင်

pyet-nain — Can fail or be destroyed; possibility of failure

ကြောင်း

kyaun: — That; reported speech or reason clause marker

ဥရောပ

u-yaw-pa — Europe; the continent west of Asia

လုံး

loun: — Whole, entire; also a counter for round objects

သူ့

thu. — His or him; contracted third person possessive form

ရှေ့

she. — Front, ahead, before; spatial or temporal reference

အင်အား

in-a: — Strength, power, or force; military or physical might

မဲ့

me. — Without, lacking; negative suffix indicating absence

အမြဲ

a-mye: — Always, forever, constantly; without exception or change

ကြေငြာ

kye-nya — To announce or declare publicly; official proclamation

ပြော

pyaw — To speak or say; to tell someone something

သော်လည်းကောင်း

thaw-lyi:-kaun: — Although, even though; concessive conjunction in sentences

တစ်လုံး

ta-loun: — One piece; one unit of a round or whole object

တစ်ခွန်း

ta-khun: — One phrase or sentence; a single statement or quote

ယုံကြည်

youn-kyi. — To believe or trust; to have faith in something

ကျော်ကြား

kyaw-kya: — Famous, renowned, or well-known; having great reputation

နိုင်ငံ

nain-ngan — Country or nation; a sovereign state or territory

ကြားနေ

kya:-ne — Neutral; staying in the middle without taking sides

ဝါဒ

wa-da — Doctrine, ideology, or belief system; an -ism

ဘုရားသခင်

hpu-ya:-tha-kin — God; the supreme deity in Christian or monotheistic belief

ချစ်မြတ်နိုး

chit-myat-no: — To love and cherish deeply; to adore someone greatly

မင်းကြီး

min-ji: — Great king or high lord; a title of authority

ကံကြမ္မာ

kan-kama — Fate, destiny, or karma; one's lot in life

အားကိုး

a:-ko: — To rely on or trust; to lean on for support

ကယ်တင်

ke-tin — To save or rescue; to deliver from danger or harm

အလျင်စလို

a-lyin-za-lo — Hastily, in a hurry; rushing without proper consideration

စိတ်

set — Mind, heart, or feeling; mental or emotional state

ပြုံးမော

pyoun:-maw — To smile broadly; beaming smile with happiness

ကာ

ka — While doing; simultaneous action connective particle

တစ်ချက်

ta-hcet — Once; one time; a single instance of an action

ရပ်

yat — To stop or halt; to stand still in place

သွား

thwa: — To go; also marks action moving away from speaker

လိုက်

lait — To follow; directional verb indicating action along with

ကျွန်တော်

cano — I; first person singular male informal pronoun

ထင်

htin — To think, suppose, or believe; to have an opinion

မင်းသား

min-tha: — Prince; son of a king or royal family member

ပြုံး

pyoun: — To smile; a facial expression showing happiness

လျက်

lyet — While, in the process of; simultaneous action marker

ပြောဆို

pyaw-hso — To speak or say; to communicate verbally with others

ကျွန်တော်တို့

cano-do. — We; informal male first person plural pronoun

ချစ်ခင်

chit-kin — To love or feel affection; warmth toward someone

သင်

thin — You; second person singular pronoun; also means to learn

ညွှန်ကြား

hnwan-kya: — To instruct, direct, or give orders to someone

ပါ

pa — Polite particle; please; also marks inclusion or presence

က

ga — Subject or agent marker particle in Burmese sentences

ဘုရင်

hpu-yin — King; the male ruler of a kingdom or realm

သဘောတူ

tha-baw-tu — To agree or consent; to be in accordance with

ညီမှု

nyi-hmu — Equality, balance, or conformity; state of being equal

သုံး

thoun: — To use or utilize; also means three in Burmese

ရယူ

ya-yu — To obtain or acquire; to take and receive something

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle; marks reported speech or thought

အလွန်

a-lwan — Very, extremely, excessively; a high degree intensifier

စကားလက်မြောက်

za-ga:-let-myout — Clever or witty remark; a sharp verbal comeback

လက်ဖက်ရည်

la-hpet-ye. — Tea; the popular hot beverage drunk in Myanmar

တစ်ခွက်

ta-khwet — One cup; a single cup of a beverage

ပေး

pe: — To give; to provide something to someone else

လော

law — Question particle expressing wonder or seeking confirmation

ခဏ

hka-na — A moment, a while; a short period of time

လေး

le: — Emphatic or endearment particle; also means four

ဦး

u: — Counter for people; also a respectful male title