War and Peace — Page 5

Vocabulary

ဟုတ်

hout — Yes; correct; that is right.

ပြီ

pyi — Already done; completion particle indicating finished action.

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'saying that' or 'thus'.

သူမ

thu-ma — Third-person feminine pronoun meaning 'she' or 'her'.

က

ka — Subject marker particle indicating the topic or agent.

တဖန်

ta-hpan — Again; once more; on the other hand.

တည်

ti — To be stable; to remain; to exist firmly.

ငြိမ်

nyeim — Calm; quiet; still; peaceful; motionless.

သော

thaw — Relative clause particle linking modifier to noun.

အသံ

a-than — Sound; voice; noise made by something.

ဖြင့်

hpyin — With; by means of; using; instrumental particle.

ဆက်

hsaet — To continue; to connect; to carry on.

လက်

let — Hand; arm; also used in many compound words.

ပြော

pyaw — To speak; to say; to talk; to tell.

ဆို

hso — To say; to mean; quotative verb for reported speech.

လေ

le — Sentence-final particle adding mild emphasis or explanation.

သည်

thi — Present tense copula and topic marker particle.

ယနေ့

ya-ne — Today; this present day.

ည

nya — Night; nighttime; the evening hours.

တွင်

twin — In; at; inside; locative particle indicating location.

အလွန်

a-lwan — Very; extremely; excessively; beyond normal degree.

စိတ်

seit — Mind; heart; feeling; emotion; intention.

ဝင်

win — To enter; to go in; to join something.

စား

sa — To eat; to consume food or meals.

ဖွယ်

hpwe — Worth doing; worthy of; deserving a certain response.

ကောင်း

kaung — Good; fine; nice; excellent; well.

ယောက်ျား

yout-kya — Man; male person; husband in some contexts.

လေး

le — Four; also an endearment particle adding affection.

နှစ်

hnit — Year; also the number two in Burmese.

ဦး

u — Classifier for people; also a respectful title for men.

ကို

ko — Accusative/object marker particle; also 'to' for direction.

ငါ

nga — I; me; first-person pronoun, informal register.

မျှော်

hmyaw — To hope; to look forward to; to anticipate eagerly.

လင့်

lin — Hope; expectation; used in compound မျှော်လင့် meaning 'to hope'.

နေ

ne — To live; to stay; to be in a state; sun.

ပါ

pa — Polite sentence-final particle; also 'also' or 'too'.

မိသားစု

mi-tha-zu — Family; household; one's relatives living together.

မှ

hma — From; ablative particle indicating origin or source.

တဆင့်

ta-hsin — Through; via; by way of an intermediary.

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with; conjunction or comitative particle.

နွှယ်

hwe — Related to; connected with; belonging to a lineage.

၎င်း

din-ji — He/she/it/they; formal or literary third-person pronoun.

ပြင်သစ်

pyin-thi — France; the country of France in Southeast Asian usage.

များ

mya — Plural marker; many; a lot; more than one.

ထဲ

hte — Inside; within; into; locative particle for interior.

တစ်

tit — One; a; an; the number one and indefinite article.

ဖြစ်

hpyit — To be; to become; to happen; to occur.

သူ

thu — He; she; they; third-person pronoun in Burmese.

စစ်

sit — War; military; also meaning 'real' or 'genuine'.

မှန်

hman — True; correct; real; genuine; also meaning mirror.

တိမ်း

tein — To lean; to tilt; to dodge sideways.

ရှောင်

shawng — To avoid; to evade; to stay away from.

ထွက်

htwet — To go out; to exit; to leave a place.

ပြေး

pye — To run; to flee; to escape quickly.

ထို့

hto — That; therefore; used in compounds like ထို့ပြင် meaning 'moreover'.

ပြင်

pyin — Outside; to prepare; to fix; to reform or correct.

လည်း

le — Also; too; as well; additive particle in sentences.

ထို

hto — That; those; demonstrative pronoun pointing to something distant.

နက်

net — Deep; profound; dark in color; deeply meaningful.

နဲ

ne — With; and; informal conjunction particle in spoken Burmese.

တွေး

twe — To think; to ponder; to reflect on something.

ခေါ်

khaw — To call; to name; to summon someone.

သင်

thin — You; second-person pronoun; also meaning 'to learn or teach'.

သိ

thi — To know; to be aware of; to understand.

သ

tha — Verbal suffix indicating ongoing or habitual action.

လား

la — Question particle added to form yes/no questions.

ဧကရာဇ်

e-ga-ya — Emperor; supreme sovereign ruler of an empire.

မင်း

min — King; ruler; also informal 'you' among peers.

ကြီး

ji — Big; great; large; senior; elder; important.

၏

e — Possessive/genitive particle indicating ownership or attribution.

ခံ

khan — To receive; to endure; to bear; to suffer.

မှု

hmu — Nominalization suffix turning verbs into abstract nouns.

ရ

ya — To get; to obtain; to be able to; to receive.

ရှိ

shi — To have; to exist; to be present somewhere.

ခဲ့

khe — Past tense marker indicating completed action in the past.

ကြား

ja — To hear; between; among; in the middle of.

ဖူး

hpu — Ever; experiential particle indicating past experience.

တို့

to — Plural pronoun suffix; 'we' or 'they' depending on context.

တွေ့

twe — To meet; to find; to encounter someone or something.

ဆုံ

hsone — To meet up; to converge; to come together at a point.

မည်

mi — Future tense marker indicating something will happen.

လျှင်

hshin — If; when; conditional particle in subordinate clauses.

ဝမ်း

wun — Stomach; belly; also happiness in compound ဝမ်းမြောက်.

မြောက်

myout — North; to succeed; to be delighted; to arise.

မင်းသား

min-tha — Prince; son of a king or noble ruler.

သို့

thoe — To; toward; directional particle indicating movement toward.

သော်

thaw — Although; but; concessive conjunction in formal writing.

ပြ

pya — To show; to demonstrate; to display something.

လေ့

le — Habit; custom; used in လေ့လာ meaning 'to study'.

လာ

la — To come; directional verb indicating movement toward speaker.

စိမ့်

sein — Optative particle expressing a wish or hope.

မ

ma — Negation prefix; not; don't; negative marker.

ဟောင်

hawng — Old; former; used; stale; no longer new.

ပြု

pyu — To do; to make; to perform an action.

အလျှောင်

a-hshaung — Sycophancy; flattery; idle compliance with others' wishes.

ဆန်

hsan — Rice (uncooked); also to go against; to oppose.

သည့်

thi — Relativizer particle linking relative clause to a noun.

မေး

me — To ask; to inquire; to question someone.

ခွန်း

khun — Question; inquiry; used in မေးခွန်း meaning 'a question'.

ယခု

ya-khu — Now; at this moment; currently; at present.

သူ့

thu — His; her; possessive form of the third-person pronoun.

ကြာ

ja — Long time; to take time; duration of an event.

ပေါ်

paw — On top of; above; to appear; to surface.

ကဲ့

ke — Like; such as; used in ကဲ့သို့ meaning 'like that'.

ပင်

pin — Indeed; even; emphasis particle; also meaning 'tree'.

တကယ်

ta-ge — Really; truly; genuinely; in actuality indeed.

တော့

taw — Now then; so; discourse particle marking transition or emphasis.

ရောက်

yout — To arrive; to reach a destination or place.

အဓိက

a-di-ka — Main; primary; principal; most important element.

ရည်

yi — Liquid; juice; aim; purpose; to intend toward.

ရွယ်

ywe — To aim; to intend; used in ရည်ရွယ် meaning 'to intend'.

ချက်

chet — Point; immediately; a punch; used in compound nouns.

မုဆိုး

mu-hso — Widower; a man whose wife has died.

မိ

mi — To catch; to get; mother; female; to be caught.

ဖုရား

hpu-ya — Queen; princess; title for royal or noble women.

အား

a — Dative/object particle; strength; energy; to; toward.

ဗီယင်နာ

bi-yin-na — Vienna; the capital city of Austria.

ပထမ

pa-hta-ma — First; primary; initial; the earliest in order.

အတွင်း

a-twin — Inside; within; during a period of time.

ဝန်

wun — Minister; official; also burden or load.

အဖြစ်

a-hpyit — As; in the capacity of; as a role or status.

ခန့်

khan — Approximately; about; also to appoint to a position.

အပ်

a — To hand over; to entrust; to submit something.

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of; enemy.

လို

lo — To want; to need; like; similar to; to require.

မှာ

hma — At; in; locative particle; also 'to order' something.

အကြောင်း

a-jaw — Reason; cause; about; concerning a topic.

ထောက်

htout — To support; to prop up; to point out; to back.

ငဲ့

nge — To glance; to consider; to spare a thought for.

ကြည့်

ji — To look; to watch; to observe something carefully.

ညံ့

hnan — Poor quality; weak; inferior; not skilled enough.

ဖျင်း

hpyin — Lazy; slow; sluggish; lacking effort or energy.

လူ

lu — Person; human being; people; individual human.

သာ

tha — Only; just; alone; limiting particle emphasizing exclusivity.

ကြ

ja — Plural verb suffix; to do something together collectively.

ရာထူး

ya-htu — Position; rank; official post or status.

သား

tha — Son; child; also softening particle in some contexts.

အတွက်

a-twet — For; for the sake of; on behalf of someone.

စေ

se — To cause; to make; causative particle in sentences.

အခြား

a-hkha — Other; another; different; else; separate from this.

မူ

mu — As for; regarding; topic-contrasting particle in sentences.

ယူ

yu — To take; to bring; to carry something away.

ကြိုး

jo — Rope; string; cord; effort; to try hard.

မိဖုရား

mi-hpu-ya — Queen; royal consort; title for a king's wife.

သက်

thet — Life; age; years of life; to press down.

အရာ

a-ya — Thing; matter; object; affair; position or rank.

ဝေ

we — To distribute; to share out; to divide among people.

ဖန်

hpan — Time; occasion; also to create; to make happen.

ပို

po — More; extra; to send; to increase in degree.

ခွင့်

khwin — Permission; right; leave; opportunity to do something.

မိမိ

mi-mi — Oneself; reflexive pronoun meaning self or one's own.

ပါး

pa — Cheek; thin; also a polite particle in some dialects.

ကြောင်း

jaw — That; because; reason; used to introduce reported speech.

ဖော်

hpaw — To reveal; to show; to indicate; to accompany.

ညွှန်း

hnwan — To refer to; to indicate; to point out; citation.

မျက်

myet — Eye; face; used in compounds like မျက်နှာ meaning 'face'.

လုံး

lone — Whole; entire; round; classifier for round objects.

အနည်း

a-ni — A little; few; small amount; minimal quantity.

ငယ်

nge — Young; small; little; junior; lesser in age or size.

မှိတ်

hmeit — To close eyes; to blink; to shut eyelids briefly.

လိုက်

lite — To follow; to go along; directional verb complement.

ထံ

htan — Near; at the place of; close to a person.

ညီမ

nyi-ma — Younger sister; female sibling younger than oneself.

အကြံ

a-jan — Idea; advice; plan; suggestion; scheme or proposal.

တင်

tin — To place on; to present; to submit; to put up.

ထား

hta — To put; to place; to keep; resultative verb complement.

ခြောက်

chhout — Six; also to frighten; to scare someone intentionally.

သွေ့

thwe — Dry; withered; desiccated; lacking moisture completely.

ပြီး

pyi — After; finished; and then; completion followed by next action.

ညည်း

nyi — To groan; to moan; to complain or whimper in pain.

တွား

twa — To crawl; to creep along on hands and knees.

နာမည်

na-me — Name; title; reputation of a person or thing.

အခါ

a-kha — Time; occasion; when; at the moment that.

နှာ

hna — Nose; also used in compounds like နှာမောင်း meaning 'nostril'.

နည်း

ni — Method; way; how; a little; few in number.

ရော

yaw — Mixed; together; also an emphatic final particle.

စပ်

sa — To be related; to concern; spicy; to mix together.

ရှိုင်း

shine — Rough; crude; unrefined in manner or behavior.

သစ္စာ

thi-sa — Loyalty; faithfulness; truth; solemn pledge or vow.

ဆောင်

hsaung — To carry; to bear; to hold; to undertake a task.

ဆိုင်ရာ

hsine-ya — Relevant to; pertaining to; related to a subject.

အမူ

a-mu — Behavior; manner; gesture; way of acting or expression.

ခု

khu — Now; at this moment; also a classifier for objects.

ရုတ်

yout — Suddenly; abruptly; all at once without warning.

တရက်

ta-yet — One day; suddenly; at a certain point in time.

ကျေးဇူး

je-zu — Favor; kindness; gratitude; grace bestowed by someone.