War and Peace — Page 6

Vocabulary

မိဖုရားကြီး

mi hpu yar gyi — Queen; title for a senior queen or empress

သည်

thì — Topic/subject marker particle; also 'this'

ဘာရွန်

ba yun — Baron; a European noble title

အား

a — Object marker particle; also means strength/force

ဖြင့်

hpyiñ — With; by means of; instrumental particle

ချီးမြှောက်

chi myauk — To praise, extol, or honor someone

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of; also enemy

မျက်နှာသာ

myeʔ hna tha — Favor; preferential treatment shown to someone

ပေး

pay — To give; to provide something to someone

တော်မူ

taw mu — Royal verb suffix indicating a monarch's action

ခဲ့သည်

khe thì — Past tense marker; indicates completed past action

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'saying that' or 'as'

သူမ

thu ma — She; third-person feminine pronoun

ထပ်မံ

htatmaⁿ — Again; once more; additionally

ပြောကာ

pyaw ga — While saying; having said; speaking and then

၏

i — Possessive/genitive particle; of; belonging to

မျက်နှာ

myeʔ hna — Face; also reputation or social standing

တဖန်

ta hpan — Again; on the other hand; once more

ဝမ်းနည်း

wùn nè — To be sad; to feel sorrow or grief

ပူဆွေး

pu swe — To be worried and distressed; anxious grief

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; that which; adjectival particle

ဟန်

han — Manner; appearance; demeanor; pretense

မှိုင်

hmaiⁿ — To be gloomy, sullen, or dejected in manner

သွား

thwa — To go; directional verb indicating movement away

လေသည်

le thì — Sentence-final particle indicating mild assertion

မင်းသား

miⁿ tha — Prince; a male member of the royal family

တိတ်ဆိတ်

teiʔ seiʔ — Quiet; silent; calm and still

စွာ

swa — Adverbial suffix meaning 'in a ... manner'

နေကာ

ne ga — While staying/being; remaining and then doing

ဂရု

ga yu — Care; attention; heed; mindfulness

မစိုက်

ma saiʔ — To not pay attention; to ignore or disregard

ပြ

pya — To show; to demonstrate; to display

နေ

ne — To stay; to live; continuous aspect marker

သို့သော်

thò thaw — However; but; nevertheless; connective contrast word

အမျိုးသမီး

a myò tha mi — Woman; female person; the female gender

ဆန်

san — To oppose; to go against; raw/uncooked rice

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with; also contrast particle

နန်းတွင်းသား

naⁿ twiⁿ tha — Courtier; person living or working inside the palace

လျင်မြန်

lyiⁿ myan — Quick; fast; rapid in movement or action

မှု

hmu — Nominalizer suffix; matter; case; affair

နူးညံ့

nu nyaⁿ — Gentle; soft; tender in manner or touch

သိမ်မွေ့

theiⁿ mwe — Refined; delicate; subtle in character or manner

တို့

tó — Plural marker; also first-person plural pronoun 'we'

သူ့

thu — His; belonging to him; third-person masculine possessive

ကို

go — Direct object marker particle; towards; to

ကျိန်းဆဲ

kyèⁿ zè — To scold; to curse; to verbally abuse someone

လို

lo — To want; to need; to be like; similar to

မိဖုရားမင်းကြီး

mi hpu yar miⁿ gyi — Empress dowager; great senior queen or empress

အကြံပြု

a kyan pyu — To advise; to suggest; to make a recommendation

ထားသော

hta thaw — That which has been kept/placed; resultant state marker

သူ

thu — He/she; third-person pronoun; that person

တစ်ဦး

tiʔ ú — One person; a single individual

အကြောင်း

a kyauⁿ — Reason; cause; topic; subject matter

ထိုသို့

tho thò — In that way; like that; in such a manner

ပြောရဲ

pyaw yè — To dare to say; to speak boldly or bravely

အတွက်

a tweʔ — For; for the sake of; on behalf of

တချိန်

ta cheiⁿ — At one time; once upon a time; at a moment

တည်း

tè — Only; alone; just; exclusive limiting particle

မှာ

hma — Locative particle; at; in; on; also to order

ပင်

piⁿ — Even; indeed; emphasis particle; also tree/plant

ဖြေသိမ့်

hpye theiⁿ — To console; to comfort; to soothe someone's feelings

လည်း

lè — Also; too; and; additive conjunction particle

ကြောင့်

kyauⁿ — Because of; due to; causal postpositional particle

က

ga — Subject marker particle; from; emphatic particle

ဆို

so — To say; quotative marker; if; supposing that

ယခု

ya khu — Now; at this time; currently; the present moment

သင့်

thiⁿ — You; your; also 'should/ought to'

မိသားစု

mi tha su — Family; household; one's family unit

ပြော

pyaw — To speak; to say; to tell; to talk

ရ

ya — To get; to obtain; able to; resultative particle

အောင်

auⁿ — So as to succeed; in order that; purposive particle

သမီးလေး

tha mi le — Dear daughter; affectionate term for a young girl

ပေါ်ထွန်း

paw thuⁿ — To emerge; to appear; to arise; to come forth

လာ

la — To come; directional verb indicating movement toward

ကတည်းက

ga tè ga — Since; ever since; from that time onward

လူ

lu — Person; human being; people

တိုင်း

taiⁿ — Every; each; all; also region/state (administrative)

မွေ့လျော်

mwe lyaw — To be content; to enjoy; to take pleasure in

ကြ

kya — Plural verb marker; to do together; directional particle

သိ

thi — To know; to be aware of; to understand

ပါ

pa — Polite sentence particle; also 'to come along'

သလား

tha la — Question particle for yes/no questions; isn't it?

အံ့မခန်း

aⁿ ma kaⁿ — Wonderful; amazing; inexhaustibly remarkable or impressive

လှပ

hla pa — Beautiful; lovely; attractive in appearance

အားလုံး

a louⁿ — All; everyone; everything; the entirety

လေးစား

le za — To respect; to hold in high regard; to revere

ကျေးဇူးတင်

kyé zú tiⁿ — To be grateful; to feel thankful to someone

ကြောင်း

kyauⁿ — That; because; complementizer for reported speech/reason

ဖော်ပြ

hpaw pya — To express; to indicate; to show or describe

ညွတ်ကန်

nyuʔ kan — To bow and pay respects; to prostrate reverently

ကျွန်မ

cama — I/me; humble first-person pronoun used by females

မကြာခဏ

ma kya hka na — Often; frequently; many times

တွေးမိ

twe mi — To find oneself thinking; to suddenly realize or reflect

တိုတောင်း

to tauⁿ — Short; brief; not long in length or duration

ခဏ

hka na — A moment; a short while; briefly

ပြတ်

pyaʔ — To break; to cut; to stop abruptly; clearly

ပြီးနောက်

pi nauʔ — After; afterwards; following the completion of something

နား

na — Ear; also to rest; to stop; to pause

သို့

thò — To; towards; in the direction of; directional particle

ချဉ်းကပ်

chiⁿ kaʔ — To approach; to draw near to someone or something

ကာ

ga — While doing; simultaneous action particle; and then

နိုင်ငံရေး

naiⁿ ŋan ye — Politics; political affairs or matters

လူမှုရေး

lu hmu ye — Social affairs; matters relating to society

ခေါင်းစဉ်

khauⁿ ziⁿ — Topic; heading; title; subject heading

များ

mya — Many; much; plural marker; a lot of

ပြီးဆုံး

pi souⁿ — To finish completely; to come to a full end

ပြီ

pi — Already; completion aspect marker; done; finished

ဖြစ်ပြီး

hpyiʔ pi — Having become; being the case; since it is so

ရင်းနှီး

yiⁿ ni — Intimate; close; familiar with someone

စကားပြော

sa ga pyaw — To have a conversation; to chat; to talk

ချိန်

cheiⁿ — Time; moment; period; to weigh or measure

ရောက်ရှိ

yauʔ shi — To arrive at; to reach; to be present at

ပြသ

pya tha — To show; to display; to demonstrate formally

သကဲ့သို့

tha kè thò — Just as; as if; like; in the same way as

ချစ်ချစ်

chiʔ chiʔ — Lovingly; in a loving or affectionate manner

ခင်ခင်

khiⁿ khiⁿ — Fondly; warmly; in a friendly affectionate way

ပြုံး

pyouⁿ — To smile; a smile on one's face

ရင်း

yiⁿ — While doing; being close; at the source; from

ဆက်ပြော

seʔ pyaw — To continue speaking; to go on talking

တစ်ခါ

tiʔ kha — Once; one time; on one occasion

တစ်ရံ

tiʔ yaⁿ — Sometimes; occasionally; at one time or another

ဘဝ

ba wa — Life; existence; one's way of living

ပျော်ရွှင်

pyaw shwiⁿ — To be happy; to feel joy and delight

မျှတ

myaʔ ta — Fair; balanced; equitable; just

မရှိ

ma shi — To not exist; there is not; to lack

ဘဲ

bè — Without; not doing; negative connective particle

ဝေငှ

we ŋa — To share; to distribute; to divide among people

လေ့ရှိ

le shi — To tend to; to be in the habit of; usually

ကံကြမ္မာ

kaⁿ kyamma — Fate; destiny; karma; one's lot in life

ထိုမျှ

tho myaʔ — That much; to that extent; so much

တောက်ပြောင်

tauʔ pyauⁿ — Bright; shining; brilliant; radiant in appearance

သားသမီး

tha tha mi — Children; sons and daughters; offspring

နှစ်ဦး

hniʔ ú — Two people; both persons; a pair of individuals

အဘယ်

a bè — What; which; why; interrogative formal word

ပေးအပ်

pay aʔ — To hand over; to entrust; to give formally

ခဲ့

khe — Past action marker; having done; went and did

သနည်း

tha nè — Formal question particle; what is it? why?

သား

tha — Son; male child; also particle of endearment

အငယ်ဆုံး

a ŋe souⁿ — The youngest; the smallest in age or size

အနာတိုး

a na to — To worsen a wound; to aggravate or make worse

မပြော

ma pyaw — To not say; to not speak; to remain silent

ချင်

chiⁿ — To want to; to desire to do something

မကြိုက်

ma kyaiʔ — To not like; to dislike; to find unpleasant

မျက်ခုံး

myeʔ khouⁿ — Eyebrow; the hair above the eye

ကျုံ့

kyouⁿ — To frown; to wrinkle; to scrunch up (face)

တစ်ယောက်

tiʔ yauʔ — One person; a single person; alone

မျှ

myaʔ — Only; just; as much as; equal; merely

ဆန့်ကျင်

saⁿ kyiⁿ — To oppose; to be against; to contradict

နိုင်

naiⁿ — Can; to be able to; to win; capable of

အသံ

a thaⁿ — Sound; voice; noise; audio

ချစ်စရာ

chiʔ sa ya — Lovable; worthy of affection; endearing

ကောင်း

kauⁿ — Good; fine; nice; well; excellent

ဖြစ်

hpyiʔ — To be; to become; to happen; to occur

တကယ်တမ်း

ta kè taⁿ — Really; truly; in actual fact; genuinely

သင်

thiⁿ — You; second-person pronoun; also to learn/study

မည်သူ့

ma nù — Whose; belonging to whom; anyone's

ထက်

hteʔ — Than; more than; comparative particle

မဆို

ma so — No matter what/who; regardless; any whatsoever

သူတို့

thu tó — They; them; third-person plural pronoun

အနည်းငယ်

a nè ŋè — A little; a small amount; slightly; somewhat

သာ

tha — Only; just; merely; also better/superior particle

တန်ဖိုး

tan hpo — Value; worth; price; importance

ထား

hta — To place; to keep; to put; resultative particle

ထို့

tho — That; those; referring to previously mentioned thing

ထိုက်တန်

htaiʔ tan — Worthy; deserving; appropriate; meriting something

မဟုတ်

ma houʔ — Not; to not be; is not; negation of 'to be'

ပြီးတော့

pi taw — And then; after that; subsequently; moreover

ကြည်နူး

kyi nu — To feel moved; touched; emotionally uplifted or pleased

တိုးတက်

to teʔ — To progress; to advance; to improve; to develop

ကျွန်တော်

cənaw — I/me; humble first-person pronoun used by males

မတတ်

ma taʔ — Cannot help but; inevitably; unable to do otherwise

လျှင်

hlyiⁿ — If; when; conditional particle; as soon as

ကျွန်တော့်

cənaw — My; mine; possessive form of male first-person pronoun

တွင်

twiⁿ — In; at; inside; locative particle for places/times

အဖ

a hpa — Father; dad; paternal figure

ကြင်နာ

kyiⁿ na — To be affectionate; to care tenderly for someone

နှစ်ခဲ

hnìʔ khe — To be fond of; to find pleasure in; to like

လိမ့်

leiⁿ — Will; future probability particle; likely to happen

မည်

ma — Future tense marker; will; shall; formal particle

မနေ

ma ne — Cannot stay without; must inevitably; unable to refrain

တည်တည်

tè tè — Steadily; stably; calmly; in a composed manner

ငြိမ်ငြိမ်

nyeiⁿ nyeiⁿ — Quietly; peacefully; calmly; in a still manner

ပြောဆို

pyaw so — To speak; to say; to talk and discuss