White Fang — Page 6

Vocabulary

พวก

phuak — group, gang, or set of people

มัน

man — it; informal third-person pronoun for things/animals

หลีก

leek — to avoid, evade, or move out of the way

ทาง

thaang — path, way, or direction

ให้

hai — to give; causative marker meaning 'to let/make'

เขา

khao — he, she, or they (third-person pronoun)

เมื่อ

mueua — when; at the time that (conjunction)

เดิน

doen — to walk or travel on foot

ผ่าน

phaan — to pass through or go past something

มา

maa — to come; directional particle toward speaker

และ

lae — and; connecting words or clauses together

แม้

mae — even though; despite (concessive conjunction)

แต่

tae — but; however (contrasting conjunction)

ตัว

tua — body; classifier for animals and some objects

ที่

thii — place; relative pronoun 'that/which'; at (location)

กล้า

klaa — brave, daring, or bold enough to do something

หาญ

haan — courageous, valiant (often paired with กล้า)

ที่สุด

thii sut — most; superlative marker meaning the extreme degree

ก็

ko — also, then; discourse particle softening statements

ไม่

mai — not; negation particle for present/future tense

เคย

khoei — to have ever done something; past experience marker

แย่ง

yaeng — to snatch, grab, or compete for something forcefully

เนื้อ

nuea — meat, flesh, or the body's muscle tissue

ของ

khoong — of; belonging to; possessive particle

ตรง

trong — straight, direct, or directly opposite

กัน

kan — each other; together; reciprocal particle

ข้าม

khaam — to cross over or go across something

รีบ

reep — to hurry or rush; do something quickly

กิน

kin — to eat or consume food

เอง

eeng — oneself; by oneself; on one's own

อย่าง

yaang — kind, type, or in the manner of

รวดเร็ว

ruat reo — fast, swift, rapid in movement or action

เพราะ

phro — because; the reason that (causal conjunction)

กลัว

khlua — to be afraid or frightened of something

ว่า

waa — that (complementizer); to say; to think that

จะ

ja — will; future tense marker indicating intention

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle away from speaker

รู้จัก

ruu jak — to know or be acquainted with someone/something

กฎ

kot — rule, regulation, or law to be followed

นี้

nii — this; near demonstrative pronoun or adjective

ดี

dii — good, nice, or well (positive quality)

นั่น

nan — that; mid-distance demonstrative pronoun

คือ

khue — is, means; linking subject to its definition

การ

kaan — nominalizer prefix turning verbs into action nouns

ข่มเหง

khom heng — to oppress, bully, or tyrannize someone weaker

ผู้

phuu — person; prefix indicating the doer of an action

อ่อนแอ

oon ae — weak, feeble, lacking strength or power

เชื่อฟัง

chuea fang — to obey, listen to, and follow instructions

แข็งแกร่ง

khaeng kraeng — strong, tough, and physically or mentally powerful

ส่วน

suan — part, portion, or section of a whole

เร็ว

reo — fast, quick in speed or timing

เท่า

thao — equal to; as much as; same amount

ทำ

tham — to do, make, or perform an action

ได้

dai — can, able to; past tense marker; to get

แล้ว

laeo — already; then; completion marker for past actions

สงสาร

song saan — to pity or feel compassion for someone suffering

หมา

maa — dog (informal, common term)

ยัง

yang — still, yet; continuing state or action ongoing

เสร็จ

set — finished, completed, done with a task

เสียง

siang — sound, voice, or noise made by someone/something

ขู่

khuu — to threaten or intimidate someone verbally

คำราม

kham raam — to growl or roar (sound made by an animal)

แวว

waeo — glint or flash in the eyes; sign of intention

เขี้ยว

khiao — fang or canine tooth of an animal

แลบ

laep — to stick out (tongue, fang); flash briefly

ออก

ok — out, outward; to exit or emerge from somewhere

นั้น

nan — that (far demonstrative); referring to mentioned thing

ร้อง

roong — to cry out, shout, sing, or make a sound

คร่ำครวญ

khram khruan — to wail, lament, or moan sorrowfully

ด้วย

duai — also, too; with; by means of something

ความ

khwaam — abstract noun prefix indicating a state or quality

โกรธแค้น

khroot khaen — to be furious and deeply resentful toward someone

ต่อ

to — toward, against; to continue; per (unit)

ดวง

duang — star, celestial body; classifier for round objects

ดาว

daao — star in the sky; asterisk symbol

อาจ

aat — might, may; expressing possibility or likelihood

ปลอบใจ

ploob jai — to comfort, console, or soothe someone's feelings

ใน

nai — in, inside, within (location preposition)

ขณะ

khana — moment, while, during a period of time

เหลือ

luea — to remain, be left over; surplus remaining

จน

jon — until; poor (adjective); up to the point that

หมด

mot — all gone, used up, completely finished

อย่างไร

yaang rai — how; in what way; what manner

ก็ตาม

ko taam — regardless; even so; no matter what (concession)

ทุกๆ

thuk thuk — every single; each and every one

ครั้ง

khrang — time, instance, or occasion of an event

หนึ่ง

nueng — one; the number one; a/an (indefinite)

มี

mii — to have, possess, or there is/are

หรือ

rue — or; question particle for yes/no questions

อีก

iik — more, again, another, additionally

ลุก

luk — to rise up, stand up, get up

ขึ้น

khuen — up; to rise; directional particle upward

ก่อ

ko — to cause, create, or stir up (trouble/rebellion)

ขัดขืน

khat khuen — to resist, defy, or refuse to comply

ถูก

thuuk — correct; passive marker; to be subjected to

ปราบปราม

praap praam — to suppress, crush, or quell a rebellion

เหตุ

het — cause, reason, or origin of an event

จึง

jueng — therefore, so, consequently (result conjunction)

ได้รับ

dai rap — to receive, obtain, or be given something

ฝึกฝน

fuek fon — to practice, train, or drill a skill repeatedly

อยู่

yuu — to live, stay, be located; continuative aspect marker

เสมอ

sameoe — always, consistently; equal, level

หวงแหน

huang haen — to be possessive of, guard jealously something cherished

โดดเดี่ยว

doot diao — lonely, isolated, alone without companions

รักษา

rak saa — to maintain, preserve, protect, or treat medically

ไว้

wai — to keep, store; aspect marker holding a state

ท่ามกลาง

thaam klaang — in the midst of, surrounded by, among

ฝูง

fuung — herd, flock, or pack of animals

ต่อสู้

to suu — to fight, struggle, or combat against something

บ่อย

boi — often, frequently, many times

เพื่อ

phuea — in order to, for the purpose of (goal)

สิ่ง

sing — thing, object, or matter (abstract or concrete)

เช่น

chen — such as, for example, like (giving examples)

มัก

mak — tend to, usually, habitually do something

จบ

jop — to end, finish, or conclude something

ลง

long — down; to descend; directional particle downward

เกิน

koen — to exceed, go beyond, too much of something

กว่า

kwaa — more than; comparative marker; rather than

อื่นๆ

uuen uuen — other ones, various others, the rest

สู้

suu — to fight back, resist, or compete against

ฟัน

fan — to slash, strike; tooth (noun); teeth (plural)

เป็น

pen — to be; to become; can (ability marker)

แผล

phlae — wound, sore, or injury on the body

เลือด

lueat — blood flowing in the body

ไหล

hlai — to flow or stream (liquid moving continuously)

ก่อน

kon — before, first, prior to an event or time

รู้ตัว

ruu tua — to realize, become aware of one's own situation

เกิด

koet — to be born; to occur, happen, arise

อะไร

arai — what; anything; something (interrogative pronoun)

ปราบ

praap — to subdue, defeat, or bring under control

แทบ

thaep — almost, nearly, barely (close to a limit)

เริ่ม

roem — to start, begin an action or process

เสีย

sia — to lose, be ruined; aspect marker (regrettably done)

ซ้ำ

sam — to repeat, do again; repeatedly, again and again

วินัย

winai — discipline, rules, or code of conduct

พ้อง

phoong — identical in sound; to agree or coincide with

เข้มงวด

khem nguat — strict, stern, rigorous in enforcing rules

ต่าง

taang — different, various; each (individually)

จาก

jaak — from, away from; departing a place or person

รถ

rot — vehicle, car, or motorized transport

เลื่อน

luean — to slide, postpone, or move along a surface

เหล่า

lao — group of (plural prefix); those (demonstrative)

เทพ

thep — god, deity, or divine being

บัญชา

bancha — to command, order, or give directive authority

ยินยอม

yin yom — to consent, agree, or willingly accept something

อิสระ

itsara — free, independent, having liberty and autonomy

ใดๆ

dai dai — any whatsoever; whichever; of any kind at all

เลย

loei — at all; ever; just; so (intensifying particle)

บังคับ

bangkhap — to force, compel, or impose control over someone

แสดง

sadaeng — to show, display, perform, or demonstrate something

เคารพ

khaorop — to respect, honor, or show reverence toward someone

ลด

lot — to reduce, decrease, or lower in amount

ละ

la — to leave, abandon; per (unit); softening particle

ตาม

taam — to follow, pursue; according to; along with

ใจ

jai — heart, mind, feelings, or inner spirit

ชอบ

chop — to like, enjoy, or be fond of something

ใช่

chai — yes, correct; that's right (affirmative answer)

เรื่อง

rueang — story, matter, topic, or issue being discussed

ต้อง

tong — must, have to; to need to do something

สนใจ

son jai — to be interested in or pay attention to something