White Fang — Page 5

Vocabulary

เมื่อ

mʉ̂a — when; at the time that something occurred

มี

mii — to have; to exist; there is/are

สัญญาณ

sǎn-yaan — signal; sign indicating something is happening

แรก

rɛ̂ɛk — first; earliest in order or time

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — of; belonging to; possessive particle

ความ

khwaam — abstract noun prefix; state or condition of something

ขัดแย้ง

khàt-yɛ̂ɛng — to conflict; to be in opposition or disagreement

ทั้ง

tháng — both; all; entirety of a group

กลุ่ม

klùm — group; cluster of people or things

ก็

kɔ̂ — also; then; discourse particle indicating continuation

รวม

ruam — to combine; to gather together into one

ตัว

tua — body; self; classifier for animals and objects

กัน

kan — each other; together; mutual action marker

และ

lɛ́ — and; connecting words, phrases, or clauses

หัน

hǎn — to turn; to face a different direction

หน้า

nâa — face; front; page; next

เข้า

khâo — to enter; to go into; inward direction

หา

hǎa — to look for; to seek; to find

เขา

khǎo — he; she; they; third person pronoun

สุนัข

sù-nák — dog; domestic canine animal

เหล่า

lào — those; plural marker for groups of beings

นั้น

nán — that; those; referring to something previously mentioned

การ

kaan — action noun prefix; the act or process of

ทะเลาะ

thá-lɔ́ — to quarrel; to argue loudly with someone

เบาะแว้ง

bɔ̀-wɛ́ɛng — to bicker; to squabble over minor matters

เอง

eeng — oneself; by oneself; emphasizing personal agency

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — but; however; only; contrastive conjunction

สิ่ง

sìng — thing; object; matter; abstract or concrete item

ถูก

thùuk — to be acted upon; correct; cheap; passive marker

ลืม

lʉʉm — to forget; to fail to remember something

เลือน

lʉan — to fade; to become blurred or indistinct

ไป

pai — to go; away; directional particle indicating movement away

ปัญหา

pan-hǎa — problem; issue; difficulty requiring a solution

ที่

thîi — place; that; relative pronoun; at; nominalizer

กำลัง

kam-lang — currently doing; power; strength; progressive marker

ก่อ

kɔ̀ — to cause; to create; to build up trouble

ขึ้น

khʉ̂n — to rise; to go up; upward directional particle

กับ

kàp — with; and; together with; against

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a place or time

ทาง

thaang — way; path; direction; means of doing something

กลับ

klàp — to return; to go back; reversal of action

ไม่

mâi — not; negation particle for present/future tense

ว่า

wâa — that; to say; complementizer introducing reported speech

พวก

phûak — group; bunch; they; plural pronoun for people

มัน

man — it; they (informal); referring to animals or things

จะ

jà — will; going to; future tense marker

พยายาม

pha-yaa-yaam — to try; to make an effort to do something

แค่

khɛ̂ɛ — only; just; merely; limiting quantity or degree

ไหน

nǎi — where; which; interrogative word for location/choice

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — can; to be able to do something

ฆ่า

khâa — to kill; to cause the death of something

ได้

dâi — can; to get; able to; past tense marker

เร็ว

rew — fast; quick; rapidly done or happening

เกิน

gəən — too much; to exceed; over a certain limit

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — for; intended for; in the case of someone

น่า

nâa — worthy of; likely to inspire a feeling

เกรง

kreng — to fear; to be in awe or apprehensive

ขาม

khǎam — to be in awe of; to dread greatly

ฉลาด

chà-lâat — smart; intelligent; clever in thinking or action

หลีก

lìik — to avoid; to evade; to move out of way

เลี่ยง

lîang — to avoid; to steer clear of something

สถานที่

sà-thǎan-thîi — place; location; a specific site or venue

คับแคบ

kháp-khɛ̂ɛp — narrow; cramped; confined space with little room

ถอย

thɔ̌i — to retreat; to step back; to withdraw

ออก

ɔ̀ɔk — to exit; to go out; outward direction

มา

maa — to come; toward speaker; directional particle inward

เสมอ

sà-mə̌ə — always; equal; constantly; all the time

พร้อม

phrɔ́ɔm — ready; prepared; together at the same time

ล้อม

lɔ́ɔm — to surround; to encircle; to besiege something

ส่วน

sùan — part; portion; section of a larger whole

เรื่อง

rʉ̂ang — story; matter; topic; issue being discussed

ทำ

tham — to do; to make; to perform an action

ให้

hâi — to give; to let; causative and benefactive marker

ล้ม

lóm — to fall down; to topple; to knock over

ลง

long — to go down; downward; directional particle downward

ใด

dai — any; which; interrogative/relative pronoun for things

เท้า

tháo — foot; lower limb used for standing and walking

ยึด

yʉ̂t — to hold; to grip; to seize firmly

ติด

tìt — to stick; to be attached; to be adjacent to

พื้นดิน

phʉ́ʉn-din — ground; earth surface; land underfoot

ด้วย

dûay — also; with; by means of; too

มุ่งมั่น

mûng-mân — determined; resolute; firmly focused on a goal

แน่วแน่

nɛ̂o-nɛ̂ — steadfast; unwavering; absolutely firm in intention

เดียว

diao — single; alone; only one; just one

มั่น

mân — firm; stable; secure; steadfast in position

ชีวิต

chii-wít — life; existence; one's living existence

ยืน

yʉʉn — to stand; to be upright on one's feet

หยัด

yàt — to stand firm; to persist; to hold one's ground

ความหมาย

khwaam-mǎai — meaning; significance; what something signifies

เหมือน

mʉ̌an — like; similar to; resembling something else

สงคราม

sǒng-khraam — war; armed conflict between groups or nations

วัน

wan — day; a 24-hour period of time

สิ้นสุด

sîn-sùt — to end; to conclude; to come to a finish

ฝูง

fùung — pack; herd; flock; group of animals

นี้

níi — this; these; referring to something nearby

ใคร

khrai — who; anyone; interrogative pronoun for people

รู้

rúu — to know; to be aware of; to understand

ดี

dii — good; fine; of high quality or character

กว่า

kwàa — more than; better than; comparative particle

ดังนั้น

dang-nán — therefore; so; consequently; for that reason

จึง

jʉng — therefore; so; as a result; consequential conjunction

กลาย

klaai — to become; to turn into something different

เป็น

pen — to be; to become; linking verb of identity

ศัตรู

sàt-truu — enemy; foe; adversary hostile to someone

พ้อง

phɔ́ɔng — to agree; synonymous; coinciding in sound or meaning

ตน

ton — oneself; self; reflexive pronoun for any person

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — which; that; relative pronoun linking clauses

หมาป่า

mǎa-pàa — wolf; wild canine living in forests or packs

เลี้ยง

líang — to raise; to feed; to care for an animal

ดู

duu — to look; to watch; to observe something

อ่อนโยน

ɔ̀ɔn-yoon — gentle; tender; soft and kind in manner

เปลว

pleeo — flame; tongue of fire; flickering fire

ไฟ

fai — fire; flame; light; electrical power

มนุษย์

má-nút — human; person; member of the human species

อ่อนแอ

ɔ̀ɔn-ɛɛ — weak; feeble; lacking physical or mental strength

เงา

ngao — shadow; reflection; shade cast by an object

ปกป้อง

pòk-pɔ̂ɔng — to protect; to defend; to keep safe from harm

พลัง

phalang — energy; power; force driving action or movement

อำนาจ

am-nâat — authority; power; control over others or situations

คน

khon — person; human being; people (classifier for humans)

ขมขื่น

khǒm-khʉ̀ʉn — bitter; resentful; filled with bitterness and resentment

ยอม

yɔɔm — to yield; to accept; to give in to something

ปรานี

praa-nii — to show mercy; to be compassionate toward someone

ดินเหนียว

din-nǐao — clay; soft moldable earth used for shaping

หล่อ

lɔ̀ — to cast; to mold; to pour into a shape

หลอม

lɔ̌ɔm — to melt down; to smelt; to fuse materials together

เช่น

chên — for example; such as; like; for instance

ประกาศ

prà-kàat — to announce; to declare publicly; an announcement

แก้แค้น

kɛ̂ɛ-khɛ́ɛn — to take revenge; to retaliate against someone

ต่อ

tɔ̀ — against; toward; to; per; to continue

ทุก

thúk — every; all; each one without exception

ดำเนิน

dam-nəən — to proceed; to carry out; to conduct an action

อย่าง

yàang — in a manner; like; type; kind of something

สะพรึงกลัว

sà-phrʉng-klua — terrifying; causing great fear and dread

จน

jon — until; to the point that; poor; destitute

แม้แต่

mɛ́ɛ-tɛ̀ɛ — even; not even; emphasizing an extreme case

ผู้

phûu — person who; one who; nominalizer for people

ดุร้าย

dù-ráai — ferocious; fierce; savage and aggressive in nature

ยัง

yang — still; yet; also; continuing to do something

อด

òt — to resist; to abstain; to hold back from something

ประหลาดใจ

prà-làat-jai — to be surprised; astonished by something unexpected

สาบาน

sǎa-baan — to swear; to take an oath; to vow solemnly

เคย

khəəi — used to; ever; have had experience doing something

สัตว์

sàt — animal; creature; living organism that is not a plant

ก่อน

kɔ̀ɔn — before; prior to; earlier than a given time

ชาว

chaao — people of; native of; inhabitants of a place

หมู่บ้าน

mùu-bâan — village; small rural community of households

แปลก

plɛ̀ɛk — strange; unusual; odd; different from the norm

พิจารณา

phí-jaa-rá-naa — to consider; to deliberate; to examine carefully

ถึง

thʉ̌ng — to reach; until; to; about; regarding

เรื่องราว

rʉ̂ang-raao — story; narrative; account of events

สังหาร

sǎng-hǎan — to kill; to slay; to massacre people or creatures

หมู่

mùu — group; community; cluster; pack of beings