White nights, and other stories — Page 13

Vocabulary

率直

socchoku — Frankness; being straightforward and honest in speech.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose.

言っ

itte — Te-form of 言う; saying or having said something.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting clauses or actions.

ください

kudasai — Please do; polite request form.

あらかじめ

arakajime — In advance; beforehand; ahead of time.

申し上げ

mōshiage — Humble form of 'to say'; respectfully telling someone.

おき

oki — Stem of おく; keeping, leaving, or doing in advance.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating present or future tense.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also a conjunctive 'but'.

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence's subject.

そう

sō — So; that way; indicating agreement or likeness.

簡単

kantan — Simple; easy; not requiring much effort.

気分

kibun — Mood; feeling; one's emotional state.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

害し

gaishi — Stem of 害する; to harm or offend someone.

たり

tari — Particle listing representative actions among others.

し

shi — Conjunctive form listing reasons or actions.

ませ

mase — Polite negative verb stem component.

ん

n — Negative ending; part of ません meaning 'do not'.

から

kara — Because; from; indicating reason or starting point.

いいえ

iie — No; a polite denial or disagreement.

何

nani — What; something; used in questions and expressions.

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle of inclusion or emphasis.

むしろ

mushiro — Rather; on the contrary; preferably.

逆

gyaku — Opposite; reverse; the contrary of something.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is', 'am', or 'are'.

話す

hanasu — To speak; to talk; to converse with someone.

よう

yō — Like; as if; manner; indicating resemblance or purpose.

求め

motome — Stem of 求める; to request, seek, or demand.

られる

rareru — Passive or potential verb ending; being made to do.

なら

nara — If; conditional particle indicating a supposition.

女性

josei — Woman; female; referring to the female gender.

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing definition or quotation.

もの

mono — Thing; object; abstract entity or concept.

そういう

sō iu — That kind of; such; referring to something previously mentioned.

内気

uchiki — Shyness; timidity; an introverted, reserved personality.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix turning adjectives into nouns.

好む

konomu — To prefer; to like; to favor something.

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore; moreover; even more so.

言え

ie — Conditional form of 言う; if one were to say.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something near the listener.

好き

suki — Liked; favorite; having affection for something.

家

ie — House; home; one's dwelling place.

帰る

kaeru — To return home; to go back.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as.

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun in Japanese.

追い払っ

oiharatte — Te-form of 追い払う; to chase away or drive off.

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle asserting or emphasizing information.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle connecting nouns.

せい

sei — Fault; blame; cause of a negative outcome.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or reason.

と

to — Quotation particle; and; with; connecting nouns or clauses.

喜び

yorokobi — Joy; delight; happiness; feeling of elation.

息

iki — Breath; breathing; respiration.

でき

deki — Stem of できる; to be able to; possibility.

ない

nai — Negative adjective ending; not existing or not doing.

まま

mama — As is; remaining in a certain state unchanged.

た

ta — Past tense verb ending indicating completed action.

失っ

ushinatte — Te-form of 失う; having lost something precious.

しまい

shimai — Stem of しまう; indicating regrettable or complete action.

たら

tara — Conditional past form meaning 'if' or 'when done'.

すべて

subete — All; everything; every single thing.

チャンス

chansu — Chance; opportunity; borrowed from English 'chance'.

さよなら

sayonara — Goodbye; farewell; parting expression.

どんな

donna — What kind of; what sort of; any type.

って

tte — Informal quotation or topic particle; colloquial 'as for'.

ため

tame — For the sake of; purpose; benefit; cause.

あまり

amari — Too much; not very; excessively (with negative).

感じ

kanji — Feeling; impression; sense of something.

良く

yoku — Well; good; adverb form of 良い.

わ

wa — Feminine sentence-ending particle expressing mild assertion.

失礼

shitsurei — Rudeness; impoliteness; excuse me.

まし

mashi — Polite past verb auxiliary component.

申し訳

mōshiwake — Apology; excuse; I am very sorry.

あり

ari — Stem of ある; existence; being present.

言い間違い

iimachigai — Verbal mistake; saying the wrong word accidentally.

でし

deshi — Polite copula past stem; part of でした.

でも

demo — But; however; even so; nevertheless.

こんな

konna — This kind of; such; referring to nearby situation.

瞬間

shunkan — Moment; instant; a very brief point in time.

望み

nozomi — Hope; wish; desire for something.

持た

mota — Negative stem of 持つ; not holding or having.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive form meaning 'without doing'.

いら

ira — Stem of いる; being, existing (used in compound).

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

どうして

dōshite — Why; how; for what reason.

思える

omoeru — To be able to think; to seem; to feel.

か

ka — Question particle at sentence end; or; whether.

好か

suka — Negative stem of 好く; to be liked or loved.

れ

re — Passive conjugation component; being acted upon.

たい

tai — Desire ending; wanting to do something.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; abstract matter or circumstance.

ええ

ee — Yes; informal affirmative response.

どうか

dōka — Please; somehow; by any means.

親切

shinsetsu — Kindness; friendliness; being considerate to others.

人間

ningen — Human being; person; mankind.

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; consideration; thinking.

み

mi — Stem of みる; trying to do something.

二十六

nijūroku — Twenty-six; the number 26.

歳

sai — Years old; counter for age.

誰

dare — Who; which person; someone.

付き合っ

tsukiatte — Te-form of 付き合う; to date or associate with someone.

どう

dō — How; in what way; what about.

すれ

sure — Conditional form of する; if one does.

うまく

umaku — Skillfully; well; successfully.

気

ki — Spirit; feeling; mood; awareness; mind.

利か

kika — Negative stem of 利く; to be effective or perceptive.

せ

se — Causative verb stem; making or letting someone do.

的確

tekikaku — Accurate; precise; exactly right and appropriate.

話せる

hanaseru — To be able to speak; potential form of 話す.

でしょ

deshō — Probably; right?; seeking confirmation or expressing conjecture.

う

u — Volitional verb ending meaning 'let's' or 'probably'.

包み隠さ

tsutsumikakusa — Negative stem of 包み隠す; without concealing anything.

話せ

hanase — Imperative or potential stem of 話す; speak or can speak.

納得

nattoku — Consent; understanding; being convinced or satisfied.

くださる

kudasaru — Honorific form of くれる; for someone to give or do.

思い

omoi — Thought; feeling; deep emotion or sentiment.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; soul; inner feelings.

語っ

katatte — Te-form of 語る; speaking openly about something.

いる

iru — To be; to exist; auxiliary indicating ongoing action.

とき

toki — Time; moment; when; occasion.

黙っ

damatte — Te-form of 黙る; staying silent or keeping quiet.

まあ

maa — Well; I suppose; softening expression of mild acceptance.

いい

ii — Good; fine; acceptable; all right.

信じ

shinji — Stem of 信じる; to believe or trust.

ただ

tada — Just; only; merely; simply.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; by oneself.

一度

ichido — Once; one time; a single occasion.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any; whatever; no matter what kind of.

知り合い

shiriai — Acquaintance; someone one knows but not closely.

い

i — Stem or ending of いる; being or existing.

そして

soshite — And then; and; furthermore; connecting sentences.

毎日

mainichi — Every day; daily; each day without exception.

夢

yume — Dream; an aspiration or sleeping vision.

見る

miru — To see; to look; to watch.

ばかり

bakari — Only; just; nothing but; approximately.

いつか

itsuka — Someday; sometime; at some point in the future.

誰か

dareka — Someone; somebody; an unspecified person.

巡り会える

meguriaeru — To be able to meet by chance; to encounter destined person.

思っ

omotte — Te-form of 思う; thinking or having thought.

ああ

aa — Ah; oh; exclamation of realization or emotion.

どれ

dore — Which one; how much; referring to one of several.

ほど

hodo — To what extent; degree; approximately; as much as.

何度

nando — How many times; many times; repeatedly.

そんな

sonna — That kind of; such; like that.

ふう

fū — Way; manner; style; appearance of something.

恋

koi — Romantic love; being in love; longing for someone.

き

ki — Stem of くる or きる; coming or wearing (context-dependent).

わかっ

wakatte — Te-form of わかる; understanding or having understood.

いただけ

itadake — Potential stem of いただく; humbly receiving or having done.

どの

dono — Which; what; used before nouns for selection.

理想

risō — Ideal; an ideal image or perfect standard.

人

hito — Person; human being; individual.

眠っ

nemute — Te-form of 眠る; sleeping or having fallen asleep.